The inoffensive floor function

Algebra Level 5

For any real number x x , let x \left\lfloor x \right\rfloor represent the largest integer number less than or equal to x x . If 1 < x < 2 2015 1< x<{ 2 }^{ 2015 } and 2 2015 2^{2015} is a factor of 2 2015 x x \left\lfloor { 2 }^{ 2015 }x \right\rfloor -\left\lfloor x \right\rfloor , find the exact value of the sum of two coprime numbers a a and b b if a b = 2 2015 x x x 2015 . \frac { a }{ b } =\sqrt [ 2015 ]{ \frac { \left\lfloor { 2 }^{ 2015 }x \right\rfloor -\left\lfloor x \right\rfloor }{ \left\lfloor x \right\rfloor } } .


The answer is 3.

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1 solution

Arturo Presa
Jan 24, 2015

Let us represent x = x + r x=\left\lfloor x\right\rfloor +r where 0 r < 1 0\leq r<1 . Multiplying both sides by 2 2015 2^{2015} we obtain 2 2015 x = 2 2015 x + 2 2015 r . 2^{2015}x=2^{2015}\left\lfloor x\right\rfloor +2^{2015}r. Therefore 2 2015 x = 2 2015 x + 2 2015 r ( ) \left\lfloor2^{2015}x\right\rfloor=2^{2015}\left\lfloor x\right\rfloor +\left\lfloor 2^{2015}r\right\rfloor\quad\quad (*) Obviously 0 2 2015 r < 2 2015 . 0\leq \left\lfloor 2^{2015}r\right\rfloor < 2^{2015}. Since 2 2015 2^{2015} is a factor of 2 2015 x x \left\lfloor 2^{2015}x\right\rfloor-\left\lfloor x\right\rfloor , using ( ) ( * ) we obtain that 2 2015 2^{2015} is a factor of the difference 2 2015 r x \left\lfloor 2^{2015} r \right\rfloor -\left\lfloor x\right\rfloor where both terms are not negative integer numbers less than 2 2015 2^{2015} . Thus that difference must be 0 0 and then 2 2015 r = x \left\lfloor 2^{2015}r \right\rfloor = \left\lfloor x\right\rfloor . Substituting in ( ) (*) we get 2 2015 x = 2 2015 x + x \left\lfloor 2^{2015}x\right\rfloor =2^{2015}\left\lfloor x\right\rfloor+\left\lfloor x\right\rfloor Since x \left\lfloor x\right\rfloor is not equal to zero, 2 2015 x x x = 2 2015 \frac{\left\lfloor 2^{2015}x\right\rfloor - \left\lfloor x \right\rfloor}{\left\lfloor x\right\rfloor}=2^{2015} . Hence a b = 2 \frac{a}{b}=2 , that implies that a = 2 a=2 and b = 1. b=1. Then the answer is 3.

This problem can be solved very easily if you express x x in base 2. When a number is represented in base 10, if you multiply it by a power of 10 then you have to move the decimal point to the right a number of places which is the same as the exponent. In the case that a number is represented in base 2 a similar property applies: if you multiply the number by 2 n 2^n then you have to move the decimal point to right n places.

Arturo Presa - 6 years, 2 months ago

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@Arturo Presa Although I am too late , but if you could help me out by posting your solution , then please do so .

Ankit Kumar Jain - 4 years, 3 months ago

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