Consider all words of length 26 in the Latin alphabet. Define the weight of a word as , where k is the number of letters not used in this word. Find the sum of the weights of all the words in Latin.
If the weight can be represented as , where is in it's lowest form. That is if the answer is , is minimised when the answer is rewritten to be . Find .
This section requires Javascript.
You are seeing this because something didn't load right. We suggest you, (a) try
refreshing the page, (b) enabling javascript if it is disabled on your browser and,
finally, (c)
loading the
non-javascript version of this page
. We're sorry about the hassle.
The sum of the weights is ( n + 1 ) n − 1 . We prove this via a standard double counting in and out argument, my teammate solved it like this in the test. Suppose there are ( k n ) a k words of length n that use k letters. Then the sum of the weights is ∑ k = 1 n n − k + 1 ( k n ) a k = ∑ k = 1 n n + 1 ( k n + 1 ) a k = n + 1 1 ∑ k = 1 n ( k n + 1 ) a k . The sum on the right gives us the number of words of length n from an alphabet of size n + 1 and is therefore ( n + 1 ) n . dividing by n + 1 yields the desired n + 1 n − 1 . Thus the sum of weights is 2 7 2 5 = 3 7 5 and therefore the answer is 2 2 5