The loop problem!

A wire loop is hovering in outer space (weight less vacuum) with its plane parallel to x y xy plane. In x < 0 x<0 there is a homogeneous magnetic field parallel to z z axis . The rigid rectangular loop is l = 10 c m l=10cm wide and h = 30 c m h=30cm long. The loop is made of copper wire with a circular cross-section (radius r = 1.0 m m r=1.0mm ). At t = 0 s t=0s the external magnetic field starts to decrease at a rate of 0.025 T / s 0.025T/s .

Find the acceleration of the loop just after t = 0 s t=0s .

[ The magnetic flux density is initially B = 2.0 T B=2.0T and the loop is immersed d = 12 c m d=12cm into the external field with its shorter side parallel to y y axis. Give your answers to two places of decimal.]


The answer is 0.63.

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2 solutions

The loop becomes to move because of induction. A changing magnetic field produces an EMF to the loop which causes current to flow.The external magnetic field produces a force to the current carrying wire. The EMF induced in the loop is U U = d ϕ / d t -d\phi/dt = - A l A_l d B / d t dB/dt

where A l A_l = l d ld

The current is I = U / R I = U/R where

R = σ s / A w R = \sigma s/A_w

with s = 2 l + 2 h s=2l +2h , A w A_w is the cross sectional area of the wire and σ \sigma is the resitivity of copper.

Thus I = U / R I = U/R = [ A l ( d B / d t ) A w ] / σ s [A_l (dB/dt) A_w]/\sigma s = 0.0705 A 0.0705 A

The net force exerted by the magnetic field is F = B I l F = BIl and the acceleration is a = F / m a = F/m

= [ A l ( d B / d t ) A w ] / σ s 2 p [A_l (dB/dt) A_w]/\sigma s^2 p

= 0.627 m / s 2 0.627 m/s^2

Thus a = 0.63 m / s 2 a = 0.63 m/s^2 .

Steven Chase
Nov 1, 2018

I used a slightly different naming convention, as shown in the diagram.

The most efficient way to do a problem like this is with a spreadsheet or programming script. Python script below:

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import math

cu_dens = 8940.0                # copper mass density
rho_cu = 1.68 * (10.0**-8.0)    # copper resistivity

W = 0.1                         # Loop short side length
H = 0.3                         # Loop long side length
L = 2.0*(W+H)                   # Total loop length
r = 0.001                       # Wire radius
Bdot = 0.025                    # B rate of change
B0 = 2.0                        # Initial B value
d = 0.12                        # Initial penetration into B region

Across = math.pi * (r**2.0)     # Wire cross-sectional area
Vol_cu = Across * L             # Loop copper volume
m_cu = Vol_cu * cu_dens         # Loop copper mass      

R = rho_cu * L / Across         # Total loop resistance

Vind = Bdot * W*d               # Voltage induced

I = Vind / R                    # Loop current

F = I*W*B0                      # Magnetic force on loop

acc = F / m_cu                  # Loop acceleration

print acc

# Answer is 0.624201022691

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