A milkman has an 8 liter jar, a 5 liter jar, and a 3 liter jar. Currently, the 8 liter jar is full of milk while the 5 liter and the 3 liter jars are empty. He reaches a house and a woman asks for 4 liters of milk. However, the milkman has no 4 liter jar and has no markings in the existing jars.
Can the milkman pour milk into the jars in such a way that he can sell 4 liters of milk to the woman without throwing any milk away or giving her extra milk?
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He can fill 3 liter, then dump the 3 liters into the 5 liter. He'll fill the 3 liter again, and dump it again into the 5. Since it is 6 liters, he will fill the 5 liter completely and have 1 liter left in the 3. He pours the 5 back into the 8, and puts the 1 from the 3 into the 5.
This leaves him with 1 liter in the 5, and 7 in the 8. All he need do now is pour the 7 into the 3. Once the three is full, he will be left with 4 liters in the 8 liter jug.