a 2 + b 2 = 1 c 2 + d 2 = 1
find min of a c + b d − 2
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Let a = cos α , c = cos β . Then b = sin α , d = sin β
So a c + b d − 2 = cos ( α − β ) − 2 ≥ − 3 (since cos ( α − β ) ≥ − 1 )
Hence the required minimum is − 3 when a c + b d = − 1 .
good solution thanks
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By adding the two sums-of-squares equations above, one obtains:
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 = 2 (i)
and after adding 2 a c + 2 b d to either side of (i) we get:
( a 2 + 2 a c + c 2 ) + ( b 2 + 2 b d + d 2 ) = 2 + 2 a c + 2 b d ⇒ 2 ( a + c ) 2 + ( b + d ) 2 − 2 = 2 1 [ ( a + c ) 2 + ( b + d ) 2 ] − 1 = a c + b d (ii).
and after subtracting 2 from either side of (ii) we finally obtain:
2 1 [ ( a + c ) 2 + ( b + d ) 2 ] − 3 = a c + b d − 2 (iii).
Since ( a + c ) 2 + ( b + d ) 2 ≥ 0 , the minimum value computes to a c + b d − 2 = − 3 .