The pattern ends here

Algebra Level 4

A polynomial of degree 4 and with a leading coefficient of 1 satisfies f ( 1 ) = 17 , f ( 2 ) = 34 , f ( 3 ) = 51. f\left( 1 \right) =17,\quad f\left( 2 \right) =34,\quad f(3)=51. Determine f ( 0 ) + f ( 4 ) . f(0)+f(4).


The answer is 92.

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3 solutions

Aareyan Manzoor
Dec 11, 2015

let p ( n ) = f ( n ) 17 n p(n)=f(n)-17n we see that 1,2,3 are roots of p(n). let a be the other root, since p is monic: p ( n ) = ( n 1 ) ( n 2 ) ( n 3 ) ( n a ) f ( n ) = ( n 1 ) ( n 2 ) ( n 3 ) ( n a ) + 17 n p(n)=(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)(n-a)\Longrightarrow f(n)=(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)(n-a)+17n put this in the given expression: f ( 0 ) + f ( 4 ) = ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( a ) + 17 0 + ( 3 ) ( 2 ) ( 1 ) ( 4 a ) + 17 4 f(0)+f(4)=(-1)(-2)(-3)(-a)+17*0+(3)(2)(1)(4-a)+17*4 = 6 a + 24 6 a + 68 = 92 =6a+24-6a+68=\boxed{92}

Is f ( 4 ) = 74 f(4)=74 , I did it by substituting the values in the cubic polynomial , but it wont work out , so first I calculated f ( 4 ) f(4) by method of differences , and now 4 equations and 3 variables , and then I got the correct answer . I w was a very very lengthy process though , your solution is fantastic.

A Former Brilliant Member - 5 years, 6 months ago

Did the same way....I think its the best way to solve these questions...

Samarth Agarwal - 5 years, 6 months ago
Arjen Vreugdenhil
Dec 14, 2015

I looked at the first and second differences. Nothing is known about the third differences, but because the polynomial is fourth order the fourth differences are all equal, and because it is monic they are all 24:

? ? 17 34 51 ? ? ? ? 17 17 ? ? ? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? ? ( 24 ) 24 ( 24 ) \begin{array}{ccccccccc} ?? & & 17 & & 34 & & 51 & & ?? \\ & ?? & & 17 & & 17 & & ?? & \\ & & ?? & & 0 & & ?? & & \\ & & & ?? & & ?? & & & \\ \cdots & & (24) & & 24 & & (24) & & \cdots \end{array}

So we cannot determine f ( 0 ) f(0) and f ( 4 ) f(4) separately--there are infinitely many solutions--but hopefully we can uniquely determine their sum. Call the first missing third difference x x , then

? ? 17 34 51 ? ? ? ? 17 17 ? ? ? ? 0 ? ? x 24 + x 24 \begin{array}{ccccccccc} ?? & & 17 & & 34 & & 51 & & ?? \\ & ?? & & 17 & & 17 & & ?? & \\ & & ?? & & 0 & & ?? & & \\ & & & x & & 24+x & & & \\ & & & & 24 & & & & \end{array}

and working our way up we get

x 17 34 51 92 + x 17 + x 17 17 41 + x x 0 24 + x x 24 + x 24 \begin{array}{ccccccccc} -x & & 17 & & 34 & & 51 & & 92+x \\ & 17+x & & 17 & & 17 & & 41+x & \\ & & -x & & 0 & & 24+x & & \\ & & & x & & 24+x & & & \\ & & & & 24 & & & & \end{array}

Reading off we have therefore

f ( 0 ) + f ( 4 ) = ( x ) + ( 92 + x ) = 92 . f(0) + f(4) = (-x) + (92 + x) = \boxed{92}.

Paul Kassianik
Dec 13, 2015

We can write f ( x ) = x 4 + P 3 ( x ) f(x)=x^4+P_3(x) . Using the data that we got, we can get the following system of equations: P 3 ( 1 ) = 16 , P 3 ( 2 ) = 18 , P 3 ( 3 ) = 30 P_3(1)=16, P_3(2)=18, P_3(3)=-30

Now we can set P 3 ( x ) = a x 3 + b x 2 + c x P_3(x)=ax^3+bx^2+cx or any other of the four combinations of coefficients and powers of x. This particular one gives us a = 6 , b = 11 = c a=-6, b=11=c . This works, and combining it with x 4 x^4 we get the correct answer.

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