The Series to Ad Infinitum part I

Calculus Level 3

1 + 1 4 2 ! + 1 16 4 ! + 1 64 6 ! + = ? \large 1+\dfrac{1}{4 \cdot 2!} +\dfrac{1}{16 \cdot 4!} + \dfrac{1}{64 \cdot 6!} + \ldots = \text{?} \quad \quad \quad

e + 1 e \dfrac{e+1}{\sqrt{e}} e + 1 2 e \dfrac{e+1}{2\sqrt{e}} e 1 e \dfrac{e-1}{\sqrt{e}} e 1 2 e \dfrac{e-1}{2\sqrt{e}}

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2 solutions

Note that, in general, e x = n = 0 x n n ! . e^{x} = \displaystyle\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \dfrac{x^{n}}{n!}.

So if we add the series for e x e^{x} and e x e^{-x} together, all the odd-powered terms will cancel and the even-powered terms will be duplicated. Thus

e x + e x 2 = n = 0 x 2 n ( 2 n ) ! . \dfrac{e^{x} + e^{-x}}{2} = \displaystyle\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \dfrac{x^{2n}}{(2n)!}.

This of course is the series for cosh ( x ) . \cosh(x). So for this question we have x = 1 2 x = \dfrac{1}{2} , so the desired sum is

cosh ( 1 2 ) = e + 1 e 2 = e + 1 2 e . \cosh(\dfrac{1}{2}) = \dfrac{\sqrt{e} + \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{e}}}{2} = \boxed{\dfrac{e + 1}{2\sqrt{e}}}.

I just used the Taylor series for cos x \cos x where x = i 2 x = \frac{i}{2} and then used the identity cos x = e i x + e i x 2 \cos x = \frac{e^{ix}+e^{-ix}}{2} . Wasn't aware about the series for cosh \cosh .

Jake Lai - 6 years, 3 months ago

did the same.

Trishit Chandra - 6 years, 3 months ago
Satyam Bhardwaj
Mar 14, 2015

Why is this level 4? Easier than most other level 4 problems...

Because this problem requires some advanced knowledge such as Euler's identity and Taylor series.

Jake Lai - 6 years, 3 months ago

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Is this advanced? I think the time has come that we start to see these things as elementary, cause brilliant has enabled us to do and know a lot more...

Satyam Bhardwaj - 6 years, 3 months ago

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You are not the latest person to join brilliant.

Joel Tan - 6 years, 3 months ago

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