I 1 I 2 = 4 π ∫ 0 2 x B ( sin ( 4 π x ) ) A d x = π B 4 B ∫ 0 1 x A 1 − x 2 ( arcsin ( x ) ) B d x
Given that I 1 and I 2 are defined in the respective domains as above, where A and B are real numbers, find the minimum possible value of I 1 + I 2 .
Clarifications
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First, note simply that, except for rather specific values of A and B , there is no way to express these integrals with elementary functions, but that doesn't mean one cannot solve the problem.
Initially, looking at I 2 , one might try substituting something like x = sin ( u ) (which will cancel out the 1 − x 2 in the denominator), but ultimately it should be apparent that substituting x = sin ( 4 π u ) in I 2 works best:
I 2 = π B 4 B ∫ 0 1 x A 1 − x 2 ( arcsin ( x ) ) B d x = 4 π ∫ 0 2 ( sin ( 4 π u ) ) A 1 − sin 2 ( 4 π u ) u B cos ( 4 π u ) d u = 4 π ∫ 0 2 ( sin ( 4 π u ) ) A u B d u
Now, note the similarities between I 1 and I 2 . Then, if f ( x ) = ( sin ( 4 π x ) ) A x B ,
I 1 + I 2 = 4 π ∫ 0 2 x B ( sin ( 4 π x ) ) A d x + 4 π ∫ 0 2 ( sin ( 4 π x ) ) A x B d x = 4 π ∫ 0 2 ( f ( x ) + f ( x ) 1 ) d x ≥ 4 π ∫ 0 2 2 d x = π
using the AM-GM inequality and the fact that f ( x ) > 0 for 0 < x < 2 . Now, equality occurs when and only when f ( x ) = f ( x ) 1 for all x . This is true when A = B = 0 .