6 a 3 + 6 b 3 + 6 c 3 + 6 d 3 ≥ a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 + N is always true for N , if a , b , c , d are positive numbers, such that a + b + c + d = 1 .
If the maximum value of N can be expressed in a y x formula, where gcd ( x , y ) = 1 , then find the value of x + y .
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Thank you for giving an idea about chebyshey inequality!!
By the Power Mean Inequality,
3 4 a 3 + b 3 + c 3 + d 3 ≥ 4 a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 .
This gives 4 ( a 3 + b 3 + c 3 + d 3 ) 2 ≥ ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 ) 3 . Square rooting both sides and multiplying by three yields
6 ( a 3 + b 3 + c 3 + d 3 ) ≥ 3 ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 ) 3 / 2 .
Thus, our inequality becomes 3 ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 ) 3 / 2 ≥ a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 + N . Letting x = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 and subtracting x from both sides of the inequality yields 3 x 3 / 2 − x ≥ N .
Notice that the maximum possible value of N is precisely the minimum possible value of 3 x 3 / 2 − x . First, we shall find the absolute minimum value of this function without any restrictions on the value of x . Let f ( x ) = 3 x 3 / 2 − x . We have f ′ ( x ) = 2 9 x 1 / 2 − 1 . Setting this equal to 0 gives x = 8 1 4 . Since f ′ ′ ( x ) = 4 9 x − 1 / 2 > 0 , for all positive real values of x , we conclude that at x = 8 1 4 , the value of 3 x 3 / 2 − x is at its absolute minimum.
However, by the Power Mean Inequality again,
4 a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 x ≥ 4 a + b + c + d ≥ 4 ( a + b + c + d ) 2 ≥ 4 1 .
Since 4 1 > 8 1 4 , the actual minimum value of 3 x 3 / 2 − x occurs at x = 4 1 . Thus,
N ≤ 3 ( 4 1 ) 3 / 2 − 4 1 = 8 3 − 4 1 = 8 1 ,
and x + y = 1 + 8 = 9 . Equality holds when a = b = c = d = 4 1 .
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For N = 8 1 : If a = b = c = d = 4 1 , then 6 a 3 + 6 b 3 + 6 c 3 + 6 d 3 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 + N , so the maximum value of N is at most 8 1 . We will show that for N = 8 1 the inequality holds true.
Using Chebyshey's inequality 4 ( a 3 + b 3 + c 3 + d 3 ) ≥ ( a + b + c + d ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 ) , so 4 ( a 3 + b 3 + c 3 + d 3 ) ≥ a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 . Using Chebyshey's inequality again: 2 ( a 3 + b 3 + c 3 + d 3 ) ≥ 8 ( a + b + c + d ) 2 = 8 1 By adding the inequalities we get that 6 a 3 + 6 b 3 + 6 c 3 + 6 d 3 ≥ a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 + 8 1
Therefore tha answer is: 1 + 8 = 9 .