For how many positive integers where are there such that the tens digit of is odd?
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Let us represent n as 1 0 0 a + b . Squaring this, we get 1 0 0 0 0 a 2 + 2 0 0 a b + b 2 . Since 1 0 0 0 0 a 2 and 2 0 0 a b do not affect the tens digit, we only need to concern about b 2 . Again, we can represent b as 1 0 x + y . Proceeding, b 2 = 1 0 0 x 2 + 2 0 x y + y 2 . The 1 0 0 x 2 does not affect the tens digit. The 2 0 x y has an even tens digit, so in order for the tens digit of n 2 to be odd, the tens digit of y 2 must also be odd. Since y is a single-digit positive integer, we only need to consider the tens digit of the squares of the integers from 1 to 9 :
4 and 6 are the only ones that have squares with an odd tens digit ( 1 and 3 , respectively). Therefore, all numbers with units digit of either 4 or 6 will have an odd tens digit. Simple counting gives us 2 0 0 total values of n .