The tens digit is quite odd...

For how many positive integers n n where n 1000 n \leq 1000 are there such that the tens digit of n 2 n^2 is odd?


The answer is 200.

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1 solution

Hahn Lheem
Jun 1, 2014

Let us represent n n as 100 a + b 100a+b . Squaring this, we get 10000 a 2 + 200 a b + b 2 10000a^2+200ab+b^2 . Since 10000 a 2 10000a^2 and 200 a b 200ab do not affect the tens digit, we only need to concern about b 2 b^2 . Again, we can represent b b as 10 x + y 10x+y . Proceeding, b 2 = 100 x 2 + 20 x y + y 2 b^2=100x^2+20xy+y^2 . The 100 x 2 100x^2 does not affect the tens digit. The 20 x y 20xy has an even tens digit, so in order for the tens digit of n 2 n^2 to be odd, the tens digit of y 2 y^2 must also be odd. Since y y is a single-digit positive integer, we only need to consider the tens digit of the squares of the integers from 1 1 to 9 9 :

4 4 and 6 6 are the only ones that have squares with an odd tens digit ( 1 1 and 3 3 , respectively). Therefore, all numbers with units digit of either 4 4 or 6 6 will have an odd tens digit. Simple counting gives us 200 \boxed{200} total values of n n .

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