Let be a triangle with incircle . Let , and be the points of tangency of with , and . Let be the intersection of and and be the intersection of and ( , , and are on the same side of ). Let be the midpoint of and be the midpoint of .
If the area of is 100 and the area of is 4, find the area of .
Bonus : Can you generalise this?
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We will first find expressions for the areas.
∣ A B M N ∣ sin C 2 0 0 ∣ C M N ∣ sin C 8 ∣ E F G H ∣ sin C 2 ∣ E F G H ∣ = 2 1 × A M × B N × sin C = A M × B N = 2 1 × C M × C N × sin C = C M × C N = 2 1 × E G × F H × sin C = E G × F H
By Menelaus' in Δ A B C with line D F G (no directed lengths),
D B A D × G C B G × F A C F = + 1
Because A D and A F are tangents to ω , A D = A F . Thus,
D B C F × G C B G = + 1
C G B G = C F B D
Since B D and B E are tangents to ω , B D = B E . Similarly, C E = C F . Therefore,
C G B G = C E B E
C E C G = B E B G
By Componendo et Dividendo,
C G − C E C G + C E = B G − B E B G + B E
E G − 2 C E E G = E G E G + 2 B E
2 E N − 2 E C 2 E N = 2 E N 2 E N + 2 B E
C N E N = E N B N
E N 2 = B N × C N
Similarly, F M 2 = C M × A M . Now,
E G 2 = 4 × E N 2 = 4 × B N × C N
F H 2 = 4 × F M 2 = 4 × C M × A M
( E G × F H ) 2 = 1 6 × A M × B N × C M × C N
sin 2 C 4 ∣ E F G H ∣ 2 = 1 6 × sin C 2 0 0 × sin C 8
∣ E F G H ∣ 2 = 6 4 0 0
∣ E F G H ∣ = 8 0
Therefore, the area of E F G H is 80.
For those who want the general form for the area of E F G H , it is 4 a b , where the area of A B M N is a 2 and the area of C M N is b 2 . Try to prove this!