There must be an elegant solution to this

Algebra Level 5

If a a and b b are positive integers such that ( a 3 + b 3 1 ) 2 = 49 + 20 6 3 { (\sqrt [ 3 ]{ a } +\sqrt [ 3 ]{ b } -1) }^{ 2 }=49+20\sqrt [ 3 ]{ 6 }

Calculate a + b a+b .

Source: BMO 2000 #3

For those who managed to solve this problem, a solution would be greatly appreciated by the Brilliant community. Thanks in advance.


The answer is 336.

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2 solutions

Mark Hennings
Dec 3, 2018

Let us hope that we can take the square root of 49 + 20 6 3 49 + 20\sqrt[3]{6} inside the ring Z [ 6 3 ] \mathbb{Z}[\sqrt[3]{6}] , and so look for a solution of the form 49 + 20 6 3 = ( u 6 3 + v 36 3 1 ) 2 = u 2 36 3 + 6 v 2 6 3 + 1 + 12 u v 2 u 6 3 2 v 36 3 = ( 12 u v + 1 ) + 2 ( 3 v 2 u ) 6 3 + ( u 2 2 v ) 36 3 \begin{aligned} 49 + 20\sqrt[3]{6} & = \; \big(u\sqrt[3]{6} + v\sqrt[3]{36} - 1\big)^2 \; = \; u^2\sqrt[3]{36} + 6v^2\sqrt[3]{6} + 1 + 12uv - 2u\sqrt[3]{6} - 2v\sqrt[3]{36} \\ & = \; (12uv + 1) + 2(3v^2-u)\sqrt[3]{6} + (u^2-2v)\sqrt[3]{36} \end{aligned} for integers u , v u,v , so we require 12 u v + 1 = 49 3 v 2 u = 10 u 2 = 2 v 12uv + 1 \; = \; 49 \hspace{1.5cm} 3v^2 - u \; = \; 10 \hspace{1.5cm} u^2 = 2v Thus u v = 4 uv=4 , and so u 3 = 2 u v = 8 u^3 = 2uv = 8 , so that u = v = 2 u=v=2 . Thus a 3 + b 3 = 2 6 3 + 2 36 3 = 48 3 + 288 3 \sqrt[3]{a} + \sqrt[3]{b} \; = \; 2\sqrt[3]{6} + 2\sqrt[3]{36} \; = \; \sqrt[3]{48} + \sqrt[3]{288} making the answer 48 + 288 = 336 48 + 288 = \boxed{336} .

Fantastic solution! I have just one, maybe stupid question though, where did the term cube root of 36 come about? Is there any reasoning behind the introduction of that term? I am just curious to know. Slight correction, uv is 4 and not 8.

Kok Hao - 2 years, 6 months ago

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I was hoping that the square root of 49 + 20 6 3 49+ 20\sqrt[3]{6} could be found in the ring Z [ 6 3 ] \mathbb{Z}[\sqrt[3]{6}] . If we write α = 6 3 \alpha = \sqrt[3]{6} , then Z [ α ] = { u + v α + w α 2 : u , v , w Z } \mathbb{Z}[\alpha] \; = \; \big\{u + v\alpha + w\alpha^2 \,:\, u,v,w \in \mathbb{Z}\big\} and so I was looking for integer combinations of α = 6 3 \alpha = \sqrt[3]{6} and α 2 = 36 3 \alpha^2=\sqrt[3]{36} .

Mark Hennings - 2 years, 6 months ago

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Thank you so much for clearing my doubts about this!

Kok Hao - 2 years, 6 months ago
Arka Dutta
Apr 12, 2019

I can suggest a solution. Its a little trial and error based.

If we expand the square it gets us terms consisting [ ( a^2/3 + b^2/3) - 2× ( a^1/3 + b^ 1/3) + { 1+ 2×(ab)^1/3}] . which equals an integer + an irrational part.

Now observe that if 1/3 powers individually gets to be integer then all other must be integer. Likewise if 2/3 powers individually are integers then all other parts are integer. So only way is [2× (ab)^1/3 + 1 ] is integer and equals to 49. That gives us ab = 24^3.

Now again if 24^3 is 4^3×6^3 . But as the irrational term consists only 6 under root so 4^3 is either divided into (1) 4^3 × 1 or (2) 2^3 × 2^3 and 6^3 as 6^2 × 6 in both cases But some trials prove case 1 not possible. So case 2 is the solution.

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