If a and b are positive integers such that ( 3 a + 3 b − 1 ) 2 = 4 9 + 2 0 3 6
Calculate a + b .
Source: BMO 2000 #3
For those who managed to solve this problem, a solution would be greatly appreciated by the Brilliant community. Thanks in advance.
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Fantastic solution! I have just one, maybe stupid question though, where did the term cube root of 36 come about? Is there any reasoning behind the introduction of that term? I am just curious to know. Slight correction, uv is 4 and not 8.
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I was hoping that the square root of 4 9 + 2 0 3 6 could be found in the ring Z [ 3 6 ] . If we write α = 3 6 , then Z [ α ] = { u + v α + w α 2 : u , v , w ∈ Z } and so I was looking for integer combinations of α = 3 6 and α 2 = 3 3 6 .
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Thank you so much for clearing my doubts about this!
I can suggest a solution. Its a little trial and error based.
If we expand the square it gets us terms consisting [ ( a^2/3 + b^2/3) - 2× ( a^1/3 + b^ 1/3) + { 1+ 2×(ab)^1/3}] . which equals an integer + an irrational part.
Now observe that if 1/3 powers individually gets to be integer then all other must be integer. Likewise if 2/3 powers individually are integers then all other parts are integer. So only way is [2× (ab)^1/3 + 1 ] is integer and equals to 49. That gives us ab = 24^3.
Now again if 24^3 is 4^3×6^3 . But as the irrational term consists only 6 under root so 4^3 is either divided into (1) 4^3 × 1 or (2) 2^3 × 2^3 and 6^3 as 6^2 × 6 in both cases But some trials prove case 1 not possible. So case 2 is the solution.
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Let us hope that we can take the square root of 4 9 + 2 0 3 6 inside the ring Z [ 3 6 ] , and so look for a solution of the form 4 9 + 2 0 3 6 = ( u 3 6 + v 3 3 6 − 1 ) 2 = u 2 3 3 6 + 6 v 2 3 6 + 1 + 1 2 u v − 2 u 3 6 − 2 v 3 3 6 = ( 1 2 u v + 1 ) + 2 ( 3 v 2 − u ) 3 6 + ( u 2 − 2 v ) 3 3 6 for integers u , v , so we require 1 2 u v + 1 = 4 9 3 v 2 − u = 1 0 u 2 = 2 v Thus u v = 4 , and so u 3 = 2 u v = 8 , so that u = v = 2 . Thus 3 a + 3 b = 2 3 6 + 2 3 3 6 = 3 4 8 + 3 2 8 8 making the answer 4 8 + 2 8 8 = 3 3 6 .