There's no other way to get 100!

Find the total number of pairs of positive integers ( x , y ) (x,y) such that x 2 = y 2 + 100 x^2 = y^2 + 100 .


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The answer is 1.

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2 solutions

Fidel Simanjuntak
Jan 27, 2017

By the equation, we have x ² y ² = 100 ( x + y ) ( x y ) = 100 x² - y² = 100 \Rightarrow (x+y)(x-y )= 100 .

Since x + y > x y x+y > x-y for ( x , y ) (x,y) are positive, then we have ( x + y ) = ( 100 , 50 , 25 , 20 ) (x+y) = (100, 50, 25, 20) and ( x y ) = ( 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 ) (x-y) = (1,2,4,5) , for ( x , y ) (x,y) are positive integers.

If x + y = 100 ; x y = 1 x+y =100 \space ; \space x-y =1 , there's no solution for ( x , y ) (x,y) .

If x + y = 50 ; x y = 2 x+ y = 50 \space ; \space x-y=2 , we have ( x , y ) = ( 26 , 24 ) (x,y) = (26,24) .

If x + y = 25 ; x y = 4 x+y = 25 \space ; \space x-y = 4 , there's no solution for ( x , y ) (x,y) .

If x + y = 20 ; x y = 5 x+y = 20 \space ; \space x-y = 5 , there's no solution for ( x , y ) (x,y) .

Hence, there's only 1 \boxed{1} pair of positive integers of ( x , y ) (x,y) .


By Triple Pythagoras, we can clearly see that ( x , y ) = ( 26 , 24 ) (x,y) = (26,24) .

You can improve the solution by explaining that x + y , x y x+y, x-y have the same parity, so we only need to consider ( x + y , x y ) = ( 50 , 2 ) (x+y, x-y) = ( 50, 2) .

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 4 months ago

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You're right, sir. Since x + y x+y is even, then x y x-y must be even too; or if x + y x+y is odd, then x y x-y must be odd too. Thank you sir.

Fidel Simanjuntak - 4 years, 4 months ago
Chew-Seong Cheong
Jan 28, 2017

x 2 = y 2 + 100 x 2 y 2 = 100 ( x y ) ( x + y ) = 100 \begin{aligned} x^2 & = y^2 + 100 \\ x^2 - y^2 & = 100 \\ (x-y)(x+y) & = 100 \end{aligned}

Let m n = 100 mn = 100 , where m m and n n be the positive integer factors of 100, with m < n m < n . Then we have:

{ x y = m x + y = n 2 x = m + n \begin{cases} x - y = m \\ x + y = n \end{cases} \implies 2x = m+n . Note that m + n m+n must be even so that x x is an integer. There are only four cases of ( m , n ) (m,n) :

m n m + n 1 100 101 Odd, rejected. 2 50 52 Even, x = 26 , y = 24 4 25 29 Odd, rejected. 5 20 25 Odd, rejected. \begin{array} {cccl} m & n & m + n \\ 1 & 100 & 101 & \small \color{#D61F06} \text{Odd, rejected.} \\ 2 & 50 & 52 & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Even, }x = 26, \ y = 24 \\ 4 & 25 & 29 & \small \color{#D61F06} \text{Odd, rejected.} \\ 5 & 20 & 25 & \small \color{#D61F06} \text{Odd, rejected.} \end{array}

Therefore, there is only 1 \boxed{1} case, that is when x = 26 x=26 and y = 24 y=24 .

Note that when m = n = 10 m=n=10 , x = 10 \implies x = 10 and y = 0 y=0 , which is not a positive integer.

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