Thermodynamics

Chemistry Level 5

The constant-volume heat capacity of a gas can be measured by observing the decrease in temperature when it expands adiabatically and reversibly. If the decrease in pressure is also measured, we can use it to infer the value of γ = Cp /CV and hence, by combining the two values, deduce the constant-pressure heat capacity. A fluorocarbon gas was allowed to expand reversibly and adiabatically to twice its volume; as a result, the temperature fell from 298.15 K to 248.44 K and its pressure fell from 202.94 kPa to 81.840 kPa. Evaluate Cp.

Note: This question is from a well renowned book.


The answer is 41.4.

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1 solution

Chew-Seong Cheong
Feb 20, 2016

Assuming that the fluorocarbon gas behaves as an ideal gas, then it follows:

{ V T C V R = constant . . . ( 1 ) r e v p V γ = constant . . . ( 2 ) r e v \begin{cases} VT^{\frac{C_V}{R}} = \text{constant} & ...(1)^\circ_{rev} \\ pV^\gamma = \text{constant} & ...(2)^\circ_{rev} \end{cases}

where R = 8.3145 J mol 1 K 1 , the universal gas constant γ = C P C V C P = heat capacity at constant pressure C V = heat capacity at constant volume \begin{array} {ll} \quad \text{where} & R = 8.3145 \text{ J mol}^{-1} \text{ K}^{-1} \text{, the universal gas constant} \\ & \gamma = \dfrac{C_P}{C_V} \\ & C_P = \text{heat capacity at constant pressure} \\ & C_V = \text{heat capacity at constant volume} \end{array}

( 1 ) : V i T i C V R = V f T f C V R T i C V R = 2 T f C V R C V = R log 2 log ( T i T f ) ( 2 ) : p i V i γ = p f V f γ p i = 2 γ p f γ = log ( p i p f ) log 2 C P = log ( p i p f ) C V log 2 = R log ( p i p f ) log ( T i T f ) = 8.3145 log ( 202.94 81.840 ) log ( 298.15 248.44 ) = 41.40 J mol 1 K 1 \begin{aligned} (1): \quad V_iT_i^{\frac{C_V}{R}} & = V_fT_f^{\frac{C_V}{R}} \\ T_i^{\frac{C_V}{R}} & = 2T_f^{\frac{C_V}{R}} \\ \Rightarrow C_V & = \frac{R\log 2}{\log \left(\frac{T_i}{T_f}\right)} \\ (2): \quad p_iV_i^\gamma & = p_fV_f^\gamma \\ p_i & = 2^\gamma p_f \\ \Rightarrow \gamma & = \frac{\log \left(\frac{p_i}{p_f}\right)}{\log 2} \\ \Rightarrow C_P & = \frac{\log \left(\frac{p_i}{p_f}\right)C_V }{\log 2} = \frac{R \log \left(\frac{p_i}{p_f}\right)}{\log \left(\frac{T_i}{T_f}\right)} \\ & = \frac{8.3145 \log \left(\frac{202.94}{81.840}\right)}{\log \left(\frac{298.15}{248.44}\right)} = \boxed{41.40} \text{ J mol}^{-1} \text{ K}^{-1} \end{aligned}

You can directly do it by using

P i P f = ( T i T f ) C P R \frac {P_i}{P_f} = {(\frac {T_i}{T_f})}^{\frac {C_P}{R}}

Aniket Sanghi - 4 years, 5 months ago

Why can't we use C p = C v + R C_{p}=C_{v}+R ?

Deeparaj Bhat - 5 years, 3 months ago

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The equation C p = C v + R C_{p}=C_{v}+R is for a constant pressure process.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 5 years, 3 months ago

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Is true for ideal gas

Harvind Yädåv - 1 year, 1 month ago

Cp=r(gamma)/(gamma-1) this makes the question very easy

Samarth Agarwal - 5 years, 3 months ago

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But the equation is for constant pressure. It is derived from C p = C v + R C_{p}=C_{v}+R .

Chew-Seong Cheong - 5 years, 3 months ago

Where do you derive your very first equation from?

V T C V R = constant VT^{\frac{C_V}{R}} = \text{constant}

Edit: Nevermind, found it. I somehow never saw this equation in relation to the adiabatic process. To everyone else look here for reference:

[1] Atkins; De Paula (2006). Physical Chemistry (8th ed.). Oxford university press. p. 48. ISBN 0-7167-8759-8.

Richard Neuschulz - 5 years, 1 month ago

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Note that the "Note" in the problem said that the problem was from a renowned book I managed to find the book online and check out the problem. The answer was given but not the solution. I got the equation from that book.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 5 years, 1 month ago

In adiabatic process,

for 1 mol ideal gas:

Cv dT= - Pext dV

simplify this, integrate to get

Cv ln(Tf/Ti) = - R ln(Vf/Vi)

Cv ln(Tf/Ti) = R ln(Vi/Vf)

ln(Tf/Ti) = (y-1) ln(Vi/Vf)

Tf/Ti = (Vi/Vf)^(y-1)

(Tf).(Vf)^(y-1) = (Ti).(Vi)^(y-1)

(T).(V)^[(Cp/Cv) - 1] = constant

(T).(V)^[(Cp - Cv)/Cv] = constant

(T).(V)^[R/Cv] = constant

Rajdeep Bharati - 5 years ago

Should have given unit to ans in

Harvind Yädåv - 1 year, 1 month ago

I Have A Question( A Few Actually)... Why Is Carbon A Good ingredient For Organic Matter? Why Does Salt Prevent The Growth Of Bacteria? Why Does K React More Vigorously In Water Than Na? Why Do We Salt Roads In The Winter? Why Doesn't Pure Water Conduct Electricity? Why is it important that scuba divers ascend to the surface slowly and gradually? ...... Detailed Answers Would Be Appreciated From Anyone Who Can Help. ☺

Pasan Aluthge - 5 years, 1 month ago

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Why don't you google to find out?

Chew-Seong Cheong - 5 years, 1 month ago

You are suggested to publish it in a note......go to publish and select note and type your note

Aniket Sanghi - 5 years, 1 month ago

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