Given that n $ ⋅ H ( n ) = ( n ! ) n + t where t is a positive real number less than 1 2 . 3 4 5 , find ( 3 t ) ! .
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There’s a problem in your solution. When n = 1 , n + 1 and n + t may not equal.
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have replied to the report. I hope i explained it well enough for you :)
According to the definition, we can substitute n $ = n ! ( n − 1 ) ! ( n − 2 ) ! ⋯ 3 ! 2 ! 1 ! , n ! ( n − 1 ) ! ( n − 2 ) ! ⋯ 3 ! 2 ! 1 ! ⋅ H ( n ) = n n + t ( n − 1 ) n + t ( n − 2 ) n + t ⋯ 3 n + t 2 n + t 1 n + t Now divide H ( n ) = n n ( n − 1 ) n − 1 ( n − 2 ) n − 2 ⋯ 3 3 2 2 1 1 , we can get n ! ( n − 1 ) ! ( n − 2 ) ! ⋯ 3 ! 2 ! 1 ! = n t ( n − 1 ) t + 1 ( n − 2 ) t + 2 ⋯ 3 t + n − 3 2 t + n − 2 1 t + n − 1 When dividing both side by n ! = n ( n − 1 ) ( n − 2 ) ⋯ 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 , ( n − 1 ) ! ( n − 2 ) ! ( n − 3 ) ! ⋯ 3 ! 2 ! 1 ! = n t − 1 ( n − 1 ) t ( n − 2 ) t + 1 ⋯ 3 t + n − 4 2 t + n − 3 1 t + n − 2 Divide both side by ( n − 1 ) ! = ( n − 1 ) ( n − 2 ) ( n − 3 ) ⋯ 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 , ( n − 2 ) ! ( n − 3 ) ! ( n − 4 ) ! ⋯ 3 ! 2 ! 1 ! = n t − 1 ( n − 1 ) t − 1 ( n − 2 ) t ⋯ 3 t + n − 5 2 t + n − 4 1 t + n − 3 When dividing ( n − 2 ) ! = ( n − 2 ) ( n − 3 ) ( n − 4 ) ⋯ 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 , ( n − 3 ) ! ( n − 4 ) ! ( n − 5 ) ! ⋯ 3 ! 2 ! 1 ! = n t − 1 ( n − 1 ) t − 1 ( n − 2 ) t − 1 ( n − 3 ) t ⋯ 3 t + n − 6 2 t + n − 5 1 t + n − 4 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ Using this pattern, we divide both side by ( n − a ) ! continuously, n t − 1 ( n − 1 ) t − 1 ( n − 2 ) t − 1 ⋯ 3 t − 1 2 t − 1 1 t − 1 = 1 ∴ ( n ! ) t − 1 = 1 When a b = 1 , there’re two cases: a = 1 , b = any real number; or a = any non-zero real number, b = 0 . To let t satisfy all values of n ! , we choose Case II . So t − 1 = 0 , obviously t = 1 . The answer is ( 3 t ) ! = ( 3 ( 1 ) ) ! = 6 .
@James Watson Now you see why I thought n = 1 . Check this out!
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i see. interesting way of solving this! i like it
Method 1: Proof by Induction
An easy way to solve this is using proof by induction . Let f ( n ) = n $ ⋅ H ( n ) . Then f ( 0 ) = 1 = ( 0 ! ) 0 + 1 , f ( 1 ) = 1 = ( 1 ! ) 1 + 1 , f ( 2 ) = 8 = ( 2 ! ) 2 + 1 , f ( 3 ) = 1 2 9 6 = ( 3 ! ) 3 + 1 , .... We note that n $ ⋅ H ( n ) = ( n ! ) n + 1 is true for the first few n . Assuming that it is true for n , then
( n + 1 ) $ ⋅ H ( n + 1 ) = ( n + 1 ) ! n $ ( n + 1 ) n + 1 H ( n ) = ( n + 1 ) ! ( n + 1 ) n + 1 ( n ! ) n + 1 = ( ( n + 1 ) ! ) n + 2
The claim is also true for n + 1 . Therefore n $ ⋅ H ( n ) = ( n ! ) n + 1 is true for n ≥ 0 and ( 3 t ) ! = 3 ! = 6 .
Method 2: Factorizing H ( n )
H ( n ) ⟹ n $ H ( n ) = 1 1 ⋅ 2 2 ⋅ 3 3 ⋯ ( n − 2 ) n − 2 ( n − 1 ) n − 1 n n = n ! ( ⋅ 2 1 ⋅ 3 2 ⋅ 4 3 ⋯ ( n − 2 ) n − 3 ( n − 1 ) n − 2 n n − 1 ) = 1 ! ( n ! ) 2 ( ⋅ 3 1 ⋅ 4 2 ⋅ 5 3 ⋯ ( n − 2 ) n − 4 ( n − 1 ) n − 3 n n − 2 ) = 1 ! ⋅ 2 ! ( n ! ) 3 ( ⋅ 4 1 ⋅ 5 2 ⋅ 6 3 ⋯ ( n − 2 ) n − 5 ( n − 1 ) n − 4 n n − 3 ) = 1 ! ⋅ 2 ! ⋅ 3 ! ( n ! ) 4 ( ⋅ 5 1 ⋅ 6 2 ⋅ 7 3 ⋯ ( n − 2 ) n − 6 ( n − 1 ) n − 5 n n − 4 ) = ⋯ = 1 ! ⋅ 2 ! ⋅ 3 ! ⋯ ( n − 1 ) ! ( n ! ) n = ( n − 1 ) $ ( n ! ) n = ( n − 1 ) $ n $ ( n ! ) n = n ! ⋅ ( n ! ) n = ( n ! ) n + 1
Therefore ( 3 t ) ! = 3 ! = 6 .
In your first method, isn't it true for n ≥ 0 because ( 0 ! ) 0 + 1 = 1 1 = 1 ? Since we have 0 $ = 1 and H ( 0 ) = 1 , we can see that 0 $ ⋅ H ( 0 ) = 1 ⋅ 1 = 1 and therefore 0 is a valid input for n as well
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Yes, it is. I just follow your definitions of n ! = n ( n − 1 ) ⋯ 1 , n $ = n ! ( n − 1 ) ! ⋯ 1 ! , and H ( n ) = n n ( n − 1 ) n − 1 ⋯ 1 1 . Anyway you did also mention 0 ! , 0 $ , and H ( 0 ) . I will just change it.
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First of all, we can write the super factorial in a different way. When we multiply n ! by ( n − 1 ) ! we get: n ( n − 1 ) ( n − 2 ) … 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 ⋅ ( n − 1 ) ( n − 2 ) … 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 = n ( n − 1 ) ( n − 1 ) ( n − 2 ) ( n − 2 ) … 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 1 = n ( n − 1 ) 2 ( n − 2 ) 2 … 3 2 ⋅ 2 2 ⋅ 1 2 If we do the same thing when multiplying ( n − 2 ) ! , we start to see a pattern appearing: n ( n − 1 ) 2 ( n − 2 ) 2 … 3 2 ⋅ 2 2 ⋅ 1 2 ⋅ ( n − 2 ) ( n − 3 ) … 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 = n ( n − 1 ) 2 ( n − 2 ) 2 ( n − 2 ) ( n − 3 ) 2 ( n − 3 ) … 3 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 2 ⋅ 1 = n ( n − 1 ) 2 ( n − 2 ) 3 ( n − 3 ) 3 … 3 3 ⋅ 2 3 ⋅ 1 3 Using this pattern, we can see that n ! ( n − 1 ) ! ( n − 2 ) ! … 3 ! 2 ! 1 ! can be written as n ( n − 1 ) 2 ( n − 2 ) 3 … 3 n − 2 ⋅ 2 n − 1 ⋅ 1 n Now when we multiply this with n n ( n − 1 ) n − 1 ( n − 2 ) n − 2 … 3 3 2 2 1 1 , which is the hyper factorial, we can see that it is the same as n $ ⋅ H ( n ) = n ⋅ n n ⋅ ( n − 1 ) 2 ( n − 1 ) n − 1 ( n − 2 ) 3 ( n − 2 ) n − 2 … 3 n − 2 ⋅ 3 3 ⋅ 2 n − 1 ⋅ 2 2 ⋅ 1 n ⋅ 1 = n n + 1 ( n − 1 ) n + 1 ( n − 2 ) n + 1 … 3 n + 1 ⋅ 2 n + 1 ⋅ 1 n + 1 = ( n ( n − 1 ) ( n − 2 ) … 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 ) n + 1 = ( n ! ) n + 1 We can now see that t = 1 and the answer is ( 3 ( 1 ) ) ! = 6