These sorts of geometry problems are pretty popular...

Geometry Level 4

Rectangle A B C D ABCD is divided into 36 smaller rectangles by 5 horizontal segments and 5 vertical segments, as shown in the diagram.

The horizontal segments divide A D AD and B C BC in such a way that the lengths of the sub-segments of A D AD going from top to bottom are non-increasing.

The vertical segments divide A B AB and D C DC in such a way that the lengths of the sub-segments of A B AB going from left to right are non-decreasing.

Which region has a greater area: the region shaded in blue, or 1 5 \frac{1}{5} of A B C D ABCD ?

It depends on how the larger rectangle is divided They are both equal 1 5 \frac{1}{5} of A B C D ABCD The blue region

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1 solution

Steven Yuan
Jul 14, 2017

First, a confession. The main focus of this problem isn't geometry. It's actually algebra! Let me explain why:

Let's let a 1 , a 2 , , a 6 a_1, a_2, \dots, a_6 represent the lengths of the smaller segments of A D AD going from top to bottom, and let b 1 , b 2 , , b 6 b_1, b_2, \dots, b_6 represent the lengths of the smaller segments of A B AB going from right to left. From the problem statement, we know that a i + 1 a i a_{i + 1} \geq a_i and b i + 1 b i b_{i + 1} \geq b_i for i = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5. i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

By Chebyshev's Sum Inequality ,

1 6 ( i = 1 6 a i ) ( i = 1 6 b i ) i = 1 6 a i b 7 i . \dfrac{1}{6} \left ( \sum_{i = 1}^6 a_i \right ) \left ( \sum_{i = 1}^6 b_i \right ) \geq \sum_{i = 1}^6 a_i b_{7 - i}.

However, notice that the right hand side of this inequality is actually the area of the blue region, which is a 1 b 6 + a 2 b 5 + + a 6 b 1 . a_1b_6 + a_2b_5 + \dots + a_6b_1. Furthermore, since i = 1 6 a i = A D \displaystyle \sum_{i = 1}^6 a_i = AD and i = 1 6 b i = A B , \displaystyle \sum_{i = 1}^6 b_i = AB, the left hand side of the inequality is equal to 1 6 \frac{1}{6} of the area of A B C D . ABCD.

This leads us to conclude that the blue region has at most as much area as one-sixth of A B C D . ABCD. Since one-fifth of A B C D ABCD has strictly greater area than one-sixth of A B C D , ABCD, we conclude that 1 5 of A B C D \boxed{\frac{1}{5} \text{ of } ABCD} always has a greater area than the blue region, no matter how we partition A B C D ABCD according to the given rules.

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