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Calculus Level 3

lim x 0 + ( x x x ( x x ) x ) = ? \large\lim_{x\to 0^+}\left(x^{x^x}-(x^x)^x\right)=\, ?


The answer is -1.

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1 solution

Chew-Seong Cheong
Oct 10, 2018

L = lim x 0 + ( x x x ( x x ) x ) = lim x 0 + x x x lim x 0 + ( x x ) x = lim x 0 + exp ( x x ln x ) lim x 0 + exp ( x ln ( x x ) ) where exp ( x ) = e x = exp ( lim x 0 + x x lim x 0 + ln x ) exp ( lim x 0 + x ln ( lim x 0 + x x ) ) See note lim x 0 + x x = 1 = e 1 e e 0 e ln 1 = 0 1 = 1 \begin{aligned} L & = \lim_{x \to 0^+} \left(x^{x^x} - (x^x)^x\right) \\ & = \lim_{x \to 0^+} x^{x^x} - \lim_{x \to 0^+} (x^x)^x \\ & = \lim_{x \to 0^+} \exp (x^x \ln x) - \lim_{x \to 0^+} \exp (x \ln (x^x)) & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{where }\exp (x) = e^x \\ & = \exp \left({\color{#3D99F6}\lim_{x \to 0^+} x^x} \lim_{x \to 0^+} \ln x \right) - \exp \left( \lim_{x \to 0^+} x \ln \left( \color{#3D99F6} \lim_{x \to 0^+} x^x\right)\right) & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{See note } \lim_{x \to 0^+} x^x = 1 \\ & = e^{\color{#3D99F6}1} e^{-\infty} - e^0 e^{\ln \color{#3D99F6}1} = 0 - 1 = \boxed{-1} \end{aligned}


Note:

lim x 0 + x x = lim x 0 + exp ( x ln x ) = lim x 0 + exp ( ln x 1 x ) A / case, L’H o ˆ pital’s rule applies. = lim x 0 + exp ( 1 x 1 x 2 ) Differentiate up and down w.r.t. x = lim x 0 + exp ( x ) = e 0 = 1 \begin{aligned} \lim_{x \to 0^+} x^x & = \lim_{x \to 0^+} \exp (x \ln x) \\ & = \lim_{x \to 0^+} \exp \left(\frac {\ln x}{\frac 1x} \right) & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{A }\infty/\infty \text{ case, L'Hôpital's rule applies.} \\ & = \lim_{x \to 0^+} \exp \left(\frac {\frac 1x}{-\frac 1{x^2}} \right) & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Differentiate up and down w.r.t. }x \\ & = \lim_{x \to 0^+} \exp \left(-x\right) \\ & = e^0 = 1 \end{aligned}

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