Find the last two digits in the decimal representation of 2 1 9 9 9 + 3 1 9 9 9 .
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@Chew-Seong Cheong : evaluating 3 1 9 9 9 m o d 1 0 0 can be made simpler by letting x ≡ 3 1 9 9 9 m o d 1 0 0 , multiplying by 3 to both sides and then using ϕ ( 1 0 0 ) = 4 0 , resulting in 3 x ≡ 1 m o d 1 0 0 . This means that either 3 x = 1 0 1 or 3 x = 2 0 1 , as x is an integer x = 6 7 .
This same principle can be applied to evaluate 2 1 9 9 9 m o d 2 5 without using brute force.
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Thanks. I have changed the solution to show that.
this is better
Actually it is better to consider ϕ ( 2 5 ) = 2 0 to make it easier to compute.
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Thanks. It was a mistake there.
Did same but also calculated by elementary method by writting2^1999 =16^499*2 and using cyclity of two digits of 16 and similarly by using cyclity of 81
Observe that 2 1 0 0 ≡ 7 6 ( m o d 1 0 0 ) and 3 1 0 0 ≡ 1 ( m o d 1 0 0 ) . Thus,
2 1 9 9 9 + 3 1 9 9 9 ≡ 2 9 9 + 3 9 9 ≡ 8 8 + 6 7 ≡ 5 5 ( m o d 1 0 0 )
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Relevant wiki: Euler's Theorem
Since 2 and 100 are not coprime, we have to consider 2 1 9 9 9 m o d 4 and 2 1 9 9 9 m o d 2 5 separately.
{ 2 1 9 9 9 ≡ 2 ⋅ 4 9 9 9 ≡ 0 ( m o d 4 ) 2 1 9 9 9 ≡ 2 1 9 9 9 m o d ϕ ( 2 5 ) ≡ 2 1 9 9 9 m o d 2 0 ≡ 2 1 9 ≡ 1 0 2 4 ⋅ 5 1 2 ≡ − 1 2 ≡ 8 8 ( m o d 2 5 )
Since 8 8 ≡ { 0 ( m o d 4 ) 8 8 ( m o d 2 5 ) ⟹ 2 1 9 9 9 ≡ 8 8 ( m o d 1 0 0 )
Now, consider ( edited as suggested by @Alex G ):
x 3 x ⟹ 3 x ⟹ x 3 1 9 9 9 ≡ 3 1 9 9 9 ( m o d 1 0 0 ) ≡ 3 2 0 0 0 ( m o d 1 0 0 ) ≡ 3 2 0 0 0 m o d ϕ ( 1 0 0 ) ( m o d 1 0 0 ) ≡ 3 2 0 0 0 m o d 4 0 ( m o d 1 0 0 ) ≡ 1 ( m o d 1 0 0 ) ≡ 2 0 1 ( m o d 1 0 0 ) ≡ 6 7 ( m o d 1 0 0 ) ≡ 6 7 ( m o d 1 0 0 )
⟹ 2 1 9 9 9 + 3 1 9 9 9 ≡ 8 8 + 6 7 ≡ 1 5 5 ≡ 5 5 ( m o d 1 0 0 )