This is simple(but tricky!)

Calculus Level 4

Let f ( x ) = x 2014 + 201 4 x \displaystyle f(x) = x^{2014}+2014^x .

Find 1 2015 f 1 ( x ) d x . \displaystyle \int_{1}^{2015} f^{-1} (x) \, {\mathrm{dx}}.


The answer is 1750.4.

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4 solutions

Pratik Shastri
Aug 17, 2014

Taking the inverse of a function can be viewed as rotating the graph about the line y = x y=x , i.e., interchanging the axes.

The graph of f ( x ) f(x) looks somewhat like this (on finding f ( x ) f'(x) , we see that it is positive for x 0 x \geq 0 ). --

graph graph

The area we need to find is that shaded, the area that f ( x ) f(x) makes with the y y axis from y = 1 y=1 to y = 2015 y=2015 .

On some observation of f ( x ) f(x) , we see that it attains the value 2015 2015 at x = 1 x=1 .

So, the required area can be written as the area enclosed by f ( x ) f(x) with the x x axis from 0 0 to 1 1 subtracted from a rectangle with length 2015 2015 units and breadth 1 1 unit.

Hence, 1 2015 f 1 ( x ) d x = 2015 × 1 0 1 f ( x ) d x = 2015 ( 1 2015 + 2013 log ( 2014 ) ) 1750.41 \begin{aligned} \displaystyle\int_{1}^{2015} f^{-1}(x) \ dx &=2015 \times 1-\displaystyle\int_{0}^{1} f(x) \ dx \\ & = 2015-\left(\dfrac{1}{2015}+\dfrac{2013}{\log {(2014)}}\right) \\ & \approx \boxed{1750.41} \end{aligned}

Awesome thinking....Mind blowing...

Tushar Gopalka - 6 years, 9 months ago

a b f ( x ) d x + f ( a ) f ( b ) g ( x ) d x = b f ( b ) a f ( a ) \int _{a}^{b} f(x)dx+\int _{f(a)}^{f(b)}g(x)dx =bf(b)-af(a) .Where g g is the inverse function of f f

Spandan Senapati - 3 years, 8 months ago
Hasan Kassim
Aug 18, 2014

We use substitution x = f ( u ) , d x = f ( u ) d u \displaystyle x=f(u) , dx=f'(u) du

The limits of integration will be then:

For x = 1 , u 2014 + 201 4 u = 1 = > u = 0 \displaystyle x=1 , u^{2014} +2014^u = 1 => u=0 .

For x = 2015 , u 2014 + 201 4 u = 2015 = > u = 1 \displaystyle x=2015 , u^{2014} +2014^u = 2015 => u=1 .

By the definition of the inverse function, f 1 ( f ( u ) ) = u \displaystyle f^{-1}(f(u))=u .

Therefore,

1 2015 f 1 ( x ) d x = 0 1 u f ( u ) d u \displaystyle\int_1^{2015} \mathrm f^{-1}(x)\,\mathrm{d}x = \int_0^1 \mathrm uf'(u)\,\mathrm{d}u

Integrating by parts:

0 1 u f ( u ) d u = u f ( u ) 0 1 0 1 f ( u ) d u \displaystyle\int_0^1 \mathrm uf'(u)\,\mathrm{d}u =\left.uf(u)\right|_0^1 -\int_0^1 \mathrm f(u)\,\mathrm{d}u

= u ( u 2014 + 201 4 u ) 0 1 0 1 u 2014 + 201 4 u d u \displaystyle = \left.u( u^{2014} +2014^u)\right|_0^1- \int_0^1 \mathrm u^{2014} +2014^u\,\mathrm{d}u

= u ( u 2014 + 201 4 u ) u 2015 2015 201 4 u ln 2014 0 1 \displaystyle = \left.u(u^{2014} +2014^u)-\frac{u^{2015}}{2015} -\frac{2014^u}{\ln 2014}\right|_0^1

= 2015 1 2015 2014 ln 2014 1 ln 2014 1750.4 \displaystyle = 2015-\frac{1}{2015} -\frac{2014}{\ln 2014}-\frac{1}{\ln 2014} \approx \boxed{1750.4}

Alright, now that's cool. But I have a few questions:

  1. Your first substitution is due to the fact that f 1 ( x ) = u f^{-1}(x)=u , right?

  2. Why did you bring g g into this? I kinda get what you're trying to say, but I think it confuses a bit more.

  3. How did you get u f ( u ) uf'(u) in the integral?

  4. Would there be a general solution for f ( x ) = x a + b x f(x)=x^{a}+b^x , c d f 1 ( x ) d x \int _{ c}^{d }{f^{-1}(x) } dx ? If not, for f ( x ) = x a + a x f(x)=x^{a}+a^x ?

Thanks, Hassan.

John M. - 6 years, 9 months ago

Log in to reply

  1. Yes
  2. Sorry for that missing info in the solution, I am going to edit it :)
  3. I think This question now is answered, It was due to the mistake I've corrected it.(Just write the new integral in terms of variable u u
  4. Alright I will think about the general solution, but I don't think it exist unless the limits of integration are 1 1 and a + 1 a+1 for f ( x ) = x a + a x f(x) = x^a +a^x
Sorry for the mistake... And my reply was late since I recently began to use email notifications :)

Hasan Kassim - 6 years, 9 months ago

Good solution. This trick is much more obvious.

Ronak Agarwal - 6 years, 9 months ago

This one's the best solution. !

Aman Rajput - 5 years, 11 months ago
O B
Dec 31, 2014

Consider a visual proof of integration by parts:

Note it's obvious that f ( 0 ) = 1 , f ( 1 ) = 2015 f(0)=1,f(1)=2015 and thus f 1 ( 1 ) = 0 , f 1 ( 2015 ) = 1 f^{-1}(1)=0,f^{-1}(2015)=1 . It follows by the above proof that f ( 1 ) f 1 ( 2015 ) f ( 0 ) f 1 ( 1 ) = 0 1 f ( x ) d x + f ( 0 ) f ( 1 ) f 1 ( x ) d x f(1)\cdot f^{-1}(2015) - f(0)\cdot f^{-1}(1)=\int_0^1 f(x)~dx+\int_{f(0)}^{f(1)} f^{-1}(x)~dx

Simplifying, we find 1 2015 f 1 ( x ) d x = 1 2015 0 1 ( x 2014 + 201 4 x ) d x = 2014 [ 1 2015 x 2015 + 1 log ( 2014 ) 201 4 x ] 0 1 = 2014 1 2015 2013 log ( 2014 ) 1750.4 \begin{aligned}\int_1^{2015} f^{-1}(x)~dx&=1\cdot2015-\int_0^1(x^{2014}+2014^x)\ dx\\&=2014-\left[\frac1{2015}x^{2015}+\frac1{\log(2014)}2014^x\right]_0^1\\&=2014-\frac1{2015}-\frac{2013}{\log(2014)}\\&\approx1750.4\end{aligned}

Mvs Saketh
Sep 13, 2014

substitute x=f(y) , , by inspection we get limits as 0 to 1 (corresponding to 1 and 2015)

Then you get integral of yf'(y) dy from 0 to 1, take y as first function and f'(y) as second and use IBP,, Fortunately the original function is very easy to integrate,, and ultimately u get 1750.40

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