This is worse than it looks

Algebra Level 3

Let f f be a function from the integers to the real numbers such that f ( x ) = f ( x 1 ) f ( x + 1 ) . f(x) = f(x-1) \cdot f(x+1).

What is the maximum number of distinct values of f ( x ) f(x) ?


The answer is 6.

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1 solution

Josh Speckman
Dec 15, 2014

Note that since both f ( x ) = f ( x 1 ) f ( x + 1 ) f(x) = f(x-1) \cdot f(x+1) and f ( x + 1 ) = f ( x ) f ( x + 2 ) f(x+1) = f(x) \cdot f(x+2) , we have f ( x ) = f ( x 1 ) f ( x ) f ( x + 2 ) f(x) = f(x-1) \cdot f(x) \cdot f(x+2) \rightarrow either f ( x ) = 0 f(x) = 0 or f ( x 1 ) f ( x + 2 ) = 1 f ( x ) f ( x + 3 ) = 1 f(x-1) \cdot f(x+2) = 1 \rightarrow f(x) \cdot f(x+3) = 1 for all x x . Since f ( x ) = 0 f(x)=0 seems not to be the maximum number of possible solutions, as it only yields 1 1 , we ignore it for now. So we have f ( x ) f ( x + 3 ) = 1 f ( x ) = 1 f ( x + 3 ) f(x) \cdot f(x+3) = 1 \rightarrow f(x) = \dfrac{1}{f(x+3)} for all x x . By this same logic, we have f ( x + 3 ) = 1 f ( x + 6 ) f(x+3) = \dfrac{1}{f(x+6)} and f ( x ) = f ( x + 6 ) f(x) = f(x+6) . Thus, we also have f ( x 1 ) = f ( x + 5 ) f(x-1) = f(x+5) and all other variants in this form. Now, we can achieve a maximum of 6 6 possible values. Also, the sextuplet f ( 1 ) , f ( 2 ) , f ( 3 ) , f ( 4 ) , f ( 5 ) , f ( 6 ) {f(1), f(2), f(3), f(4), f(5), f(6)} will be in the form a , b , c , 1 a , 1 b , 1 c {a, b, c, \dfrac{1}{a}, \dfrac{1}{b}, \dfrac{1}{c}} . Thus, for any a , b , c {a, b, c} s.t. a b a \ne b , b c b \ne c , a c a \ne c , and none of a , b , c {a,b,c} are equal to 1 1 or 0 0 , we will achieve the maximum 6 6 different values. Thus, the answer is 6 \boxed{6} .

You should clarify that the function is from the integers to the reals. Otherwise, we can similarly define f ( r ) f(r) for any 0 < r < 1 0 < r < 1 to be an integer.

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 5 months ago

Great question! Is it original?

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 5 months ago

Log in to reply

Thanks! And yes, it is original.

Josh Speckman - 6 years, 5 months ago

Just Tangent over my head

Karan Shekhawat - 6 years, 5 months ago

Nice question! :D

Sanchit Aggarwal - 5 years, 7 months ago

Challenging

Chinthimi Appaji - 4 years, 8 months ago

Intuitive question

Pawan Kumar - 10 months, 1 week ago

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