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Algebra Level 5

Today, I went to my grandmother's house to eat some delicious apple pie. However, being mischievous as always, she decided to test me with a question before letting me eat the pie.

x x x x = 88 \large \lfloor x \lfloor x \lfloor x \lfloor x \rfloor\rfloor\rfloor\rfloor = 88

If A B \frac AB is the smallest positive value of x x that satisfy the equation above for coprime positive integer A A and B B , what is the value of A + B A+B ?

Adapted from a recreational mathematics book.
Image Credit: Flickr Dennis Wilkinson .


The answer is 29.

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2 solutions

Pi Han Goh
Jul 7, 2015

Let f ( x ) = x x x x f(x) = \lfloor x \lfloor x \lfloor x \lfloor x \rfloor\rfloor\rfloor\rfloor , so we want to solve for minimum value of x x such that f ( x ) = 88 f(x) = 88 . It's easy to see that f ( x ) f(x) is a non-decreasing function.

Because f ( 3 ) < 88 < f ( 4 ) f(3) < 88 < f(4) . x x be must be in the interval of ( 3 , 4 ) (3,4) , so x = 3 \lfloor x \rfloor = 3 . Thus f ( x ) = x x 3 x f(x) = \lfloor x \lfloor x \lfloor3x\rfloor\rfloor\rfloor .

Now suppose that x 3 + 1 3 x \geq 3 + \frac13 , then f ( x ) f ( 3 + 1 3 ) = ( 3 + 1 3 ) ( 3 + 1 3 ) 10 = 110 > 88 f(x) \geq f\left(3 + \frac13 \right) = \left \lfloor \left(3 + \frac13\right) \left \lfloor \left(3 + \frac13\right) \cdot 10 \right \rfloor \right \rfloor = 110 > 88 . So 3 < x < 3 + 1 3 3 < x< 3 + \frac13 . Therefore 3 x = 9 \lfloor 3x \rfloor = 9 , and f ( x ) = x 9 x f(x) = \lfloor x \lfloor 9x \rfloor \rfloor .

Again, suppose that x 3 + 2 9 x \geq 3 + \frac29 , then f ( x ) f ( 3 + 2 9 ) = ( 3 + 2 9 ) ( 3 + 2 9 ) 9 = 93 > 88 f(x) \geq f\left(3 + \frac29 \right) = \left \lfloor \left(3 + \frac29\right) \left \lfloor \left(3 + \frac29\right) \cdot 9 \right \rfloor \right \rfloor = 93 > 88 . So 3 < x < 3 + 2 9 3 < x< 3 + \frac29 , this means that 9 x \lfloor 9x \rfloor equals to 27 or 28.

Suppose 9 x = 27 \lfloor 9x \rfloor = 27 , then f ( x ) = 27 x f(x) = \lfloor 27x \rfloor , then 27 ( 3 + y ) = 88 \left \lfloor 27(3 + y) \right \rfloor = 88 for some real 0 < y < 1 9 0 < y < \frac19 . With 27 ( 3 + y ) = 88 \left \lfloor 27(3 + y) \right \rfloor = 88 , 81 + 27 y = 88 27 y = 7 81 + \lfloor 27y \rfloor = 88 \Rightarrow \lfloor 27y \rfloor = 7 which does not have a solution because 27 y < 27 1 9 = 3 < 7 \lfloor 27y \rfloor < 27\cdot \frac19 = 3 < 7 .

Therefore 9 x = 28 \lfloor 9x \rfloor = 28 only, and f ( x ) = 28 x f(x) = \lfloor 28x \rfloor .

Finally, we want to find the minimum value of x x such that 28 x = 88 \lfloor 28x \rfloor = 88 . Then 28 ( 3 + y ) = 88 \left \lfloor 28(3 + y') \right \rfloor = 88 for some real 1 9 y < 2 9 \frac19 \leq y' < \frac29 .

84 + 28 y = 88 28 y = 4 min ( y ) = 1 7 84+ \lfloor 28y' \rfloor = 88 \Rightarrow \lfloor 28y' \rfloor = 4 \Rightarrow \min(y') = \frac17 . Hence the minimum value of x x is 3 + min ( y ) = 3 + 1 7 = 22 7 3 + \min(y') = 3 + \frac17 = \boxed{\frac{22}7} .

Moderator note:

Good approach with bounding the value of x x successively.

I might be missing something really obvious here, but how did you end up with the floor function of 9x being 28? Could it also be 27?

Chris Nixon - 5 years, 9 months ago

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Oh right. Thanks for spotting my mistake. Let me add that in.

Pi Han Goh - 5 years, 9 months ago

Well done sir!!Upvotes!!

rajdeep brahma - 3 years, 2 months ago
Michael Mendrin
Jul 5, 2015

The dessert gave it away.

Pi Han Goh - 5 years, 11 months ago

But π 22 7 \pi \neq \frac{22}{7} ...

Calvin Lin Staff - 5 years, 11 months ago

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What's the harm in taking a risk sir??....There are 2 more chances left...lolll tho...haahaa😁😁😂😂

rajdeep brahma - 3 years, 2 months ago

WONDERFUL...!!!!!

rajdeep brahma - 3 years, 2 months ago

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