Three right circular cones are placed on the floor with their bases touching. The first cone with a base radius , and height is placed with its base centered at the origin . The second cone with a base radius of and height is placed with its base centered at . The third cone with a base radius of and height is placed with its base centered at . A hollow spherical ball of radius is placed on top such that it is tangent to each of the three cones. Its center is located at . Find the sum
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Taking each cone separately, and viewing a cut through the cone and the sphere in a cutting plane that includes the axis of the cone and the center of the sphere, we obtain the above figure. The radius of cone base is r and the radius of the sphere is R . The height of the cone is H . The semi-vertical angle of the cone is θ = tan − 1 ( H r ) . Let A be the apex of the cone, and P be the point of tangency between the cone and the sphere. Further, let s = ∣ A P ∣ . Finally, point B = ( x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) is the center of the sphere. Writing two expressions for horizontal separation and vertical separation between point C (the cone base center) and point B , we obtain the following:
( x 1 − C x ) 2 + ( y 1 − C y ) 2 = s sin θ + R cos θ
H − s cos θ + R sin θ = z 1
Eliminating s , we obtain a single equation in x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ,
( x 1 − C x ) 2 + ( y 1 − C y ) 2 = tan θ ( H + R sin θ − z 1 ) + R cos θ
Applying this equation for the three cones results in three simultaneous equations in x 1 , y 1 , z 1 . These solve numerically to,
x 1 = 6 . 2 5 8 3 9 6 4 6 3 , y 1 = 4 . 0 2 3 5 0 3 6 4 4 , z 1 = 6 . 7 9 3 9 7 0 8 8 8
Therefore, the answer is x 1 + y 1 + z 1 = 1 7 . 0 7 5 8 7 1 ≈ 1 7 . 0 7 6