What is the sum written to the nearest hundred-thousandths?
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Note that for N ≥ 2 , 0 ≤ n = N + 1 ∑ ∞ n n n ≤ n = N + 1 ∑ ∞ N n − 1 1 = N N − 1 ( N − 1 ) 1 ≤ N N 2 so that in particular, for N ≥ 2 , n = 1 ∑ N n n n ≤ n = 1 ∑ ∞ n n n ≤ N N 2 + n = 1 ∑ N n n n which means our estimate of the series can be n = 1 ∑ N n n n + N N 1 which has an error of at most N N 1 . Therefore, to be sure about our estimate, we would need N to at least satisfy N N 1 < 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 ⟺ N ≥ 7
Therefore, for N = 7 , we compute n = 1 ∑ 7 n n n = 1 . 6 2 8 4 7 3 2 1 n = 1 ∑ 7 n n n + 7 7 2 = 1 . 6 2 8 4 7 5 6 4 which unfortunately isn't precise enough to know how it rounds to the requested precision, so we do one more term, with N = 8 , to compute n = 1 ∑ 8 n n n = 1 . 6 2 8 4 7 3 6 9 n = 1 ∑ 8 n n n + 8 8 2 = 1 . 6 2 8 4 7 3 8 1 which works!
That is, we know that 1 . 6 2 8 4 7 3 6 9 ≤ n = 1 ∑ ∞ n n n ≤ 1 . 6 2 8 4 7 3 8 1 so that in particular, it rounds to the nearest millionth as n = 1 ∑ ∞ n n n ≈ 1 . 6 2 8 4 7 4