What is the remainder when is divided by ?
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( 1 9 9 1 ) 2 0 0 0
= ( 2 0 0 0 − 9 ) 2 0 0 0
= 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 + … + ( 1 2 0 0 0 ) ⋅ 2 0 0 0 ⋅ ( − 9 ) 1 9 9 9 + ( − 9 ) 2 0 0 0
Since all the terms in this expansion except the last term are greater than 1 0 6 , they will not contribute to the remainder. Hence:
1 9 9 1 2 0 0 0 ≡ 9 2 0 0 0 ( m o d 1 0 6 )
Writing the binomial expansion again, we get:
9 2 0 0 0 = ( 1 0 − 1 ) 2 0 0 0
= 1 0 2 0 0 0 + … + ( 2 2 0 0 0 ) ⋅ 1 0 2 ⋅ ( − 1 ) 1 9 9 8 + ( 1 2 0 0 0 ) ⋅ 1 0 ⋅ ( − 1 ) 1 9 9 9 + ( − 1 ) 2 0 0 0
All the terms in the above expansion except the last three are greater than 1 0 6 . Hence:
1 9 9 1 2 0 0 0 ≡ 1 9 9 , 9 0 0 , 0 0 0 − 2 0 , 0 0 0 + 1 ≡ 8 8 0 , 0 0 1 ( m o d 1 0 6 )