If in the above expression is equal to , where and are real numbers, what is the value of (round to 2 decimal places)?
Notation: denotes the imaginary unit .
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Recall Euler's Formula: e θ i = cos ( θ ) + i sin ( θ ) .
We can manipulate Euler's formula to look like the equation in the problem. But first, we'll have to get rid of the i sin ( θ ) by using the identity, sin ( θ ) = ∓ 1 − cos ( θ ) 2 (which can be derived from the Pythagorean trigonometric identity).
The equation can now be rewritten as e θ i = cos ( θ ) ∓ i 1 − cos ( θ ) 2 . After moving the real part to the left then squaring both sides, it can then be rewritten as ( e θ i ) 2 − 2 e θ i cos ( θ ) + cos ( θ ) 2 = − 1 + cos ( θ ) 2 , or ( e θ i ) 2 − 2 e θ i cos ( θ ) = − 1 .
Now, we want to isolate the cosine. Moving ( e θ i ) 2 to the right and dividing both sides by -1 results in the equation 2 e θ i cos ( θ ) = 1 + ( e θ i ) 2 . Now all we need to do is divide both sides by 2 e θ i in order to get cos ( θ ) = 2 e θ i 1 + 2 e θ i . Finally, taking the arccosine of both sides results in arccos ( 2 e θ i + 2 e θ i 1 ) = θ .
It now becomes clear that x is equivalent to e θ i . Replacing x with e θ i , we get the equation arccos ( 2 e θ i + 2 e θ i 1 ) = − e θ π i . However, we already know that arccos ( 2 e θ i + 2 e θ i 1 ) = θ , meaning that θ must be equal to − e θ π i . The only value of θ that would make that true is if θ was equal to 1, as e π i = − 1 . This means that x must be equal to e i , or approximately 0 . 5 4 0 + 0 . 8 4 1 i .
The real part of 0 . 5 4 0 + 0 . 8 4 1 i is 0.54, and the imaginary part is 0.841. Summing the two values together and rounding to two decimal points, we get our final answer, 1 . 3 8 .