Tom drove from P to Q at constant speed 30 km/h and then drove from Q to P at constant speed X km/h . If the average speed of the whole journey is 45 km/h , then what is X ?
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To calculate an average speed, one uses the harmonic mean , since the vehicle spends the same distance at each speed, not the same time .
3 0 1 + x 1 2 3 0 1 + x 1 x + 3 0 x = 4 5 = 4 5 2 = 3 4 x = 9 0
Let the distance between P and Q be D . Then the time it took Tom to drive from P to Q is t 1 = 3 0 D hours and that from Q to P is t 2 = X D hours. The the average speed is given by:
t 1 + t 2 2 D 3 0 D + X D 2 D X + 3 0 6 0 X 4 X ⟹ X = 4 5 = 4 5 = 4 5 = 3 X + 9 0 = 9 0
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Let the distance of P to Q be L.
Time needed for the first ride= 3 0 L
Time needed for the second ride= X L
Total time needed= 4 5 2 L
So, we solve the following equation, 3 0 L + X L = 4 5 2 L
We derive X=90