Tomi's Challenges - #4

Calculus Level 4

Find the (approximate) local maximum of the following function for x [ 1 4 , 1 ] x\in[-\frac{1}{4}, 1]

f ( x ) = 6 11 990 x 11 + 6 9 9 x 9 8 6 7 x 7 + 336 6 5 x 5 6720 6 3 x 3 + 8 ! 6 x f(x)=-\frac{6^{11}}{990}x^{11}+\frac{6^{9}}{9}x^{9}-8\cdot6^{7}x^{7}+336\cdot6^{5}x^{5}-6720\cdot6^{3}x^{3}+8!\cdot6x

About 32642 About 36680 About 46734 About 33205 About 45310 About 40320 About 51320 About 42156

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1 solution

Tomislav Franov
Apr 17, 2021

Let's tidy up this expression first. \newline

f ( x ) = 6 11 990 x 11 + 6 9 9 x 9 8 6 7 x 7 + 336 6 5 x 5 6720 6 3 x 3 + 8 ! 6 x f(x)=-\frac{6^{11}}{990}x^{11}+\frac{6^{9}}{9}x^{9}-8\cdot6^{7}x^{7}+336\cdot6^{5}x^{5}-6720\cdot6^{3}x^{3}+8!\cdot6x \newline f ( x ) = 1 990 ( 6 x ) 11 + 1 9 ( 6 x ) 9 8 ( 6 x ) 7 + 336 ( 6 x ) 5 6720 ( 6 x ) 3 + 8 ! ( 6 x ) f(x)=-\frac{1}{990}(6x)^{11}+\frac{1}{9}(6x)^{9}-8\cdot(6x)^{7}+336\cdot(6x)^{5}-6720\cdot(6x)^{3}+8!\cdot(6x)

Notice that 1 990 = 1 11 10 9 = 8 ! 11 ! , 1 9 = 8 ! 9 ! , 8 = 8 ! 7 ! , 336 = 8 7 6 = 8 ! 5 ! , 6720 = 4 5 336 = 4 5 6 7 8 = 8 ! 3 ! \frac{1}{990}=\frac{1}{11\cdot10\cdot9}=\frac{8!}{11!}, \frac{1}{9}=\frac{8!}{9!}, 8=\frac{8!}{7!}, 336=8\cdot7\cdot6=\frac{8!}{5!}, 6720=4\cdot5\cdot336=4\cdot5\cdot6\cdot7\cdot8=\frac{8!}{3!} .

f ( x ) = 8 ! 11 ! ( 6 x ) 11 + 8 ! 9 ! ( 6 x ) 9 8 ! 7 ! ( 6 x ) 7 + 8 ! 5 ! ( 6 x ) 5 8 ! 3 ! ( 6 x ) 3 + 8 ! ( 6 x ) f(x)=-\frac{8!}{11!}(6x)^{11}+\frac{8!}{9!}(6x)^{9}-\frac{8!}{7!}\cdot(6x)^{7}+\frac{8!}{5!}\cdot(6x)^{5}-\frac{8!}{3!}\cdot(6x)^{3}+8!\cdot(6x)

f ( x ) = 8 ! ( 1 11 ! ( 6 x ) 11 + 1 9 ! ( 6 x ) 9 1 7 ! ( 6 x ) 7 + 1 5 ! ( 6 x ) 5 1 3 ! ( 6 x ) 3 + ( 6 x ) ) f(x)=8!\cdot(-\frac{1}{11!}(6x)^{11}+\frac{1}{9!}(6x)^{9}-\frac{1}{7!}\cdot(6x)^{7}+\frac{1}{5!}\cdot(6x)^{5}-\frac{1}{3!}\cdot(6x)^{3}+(6x)) .

This expression is approximately equal to the following, using the Taylor series for sine.

f ( x ) 8 ! s i n ( 6 x ) f(x)\approx 8!sin(6x)

Note that this only holds for intervals such as [ 1 / 4 , 1 ] [-1/4, 1] , because for bigger or smaller values this polynomial explodes into infinity. The maximum value of this function is 8 ! 8! or 40320 40320 .

How do you know that the exact value isn't closer to e.g. 42156 or 36680? You didn't give any upper or lower bounds to the maximum so the error from omitting the rest of the Taylor series could change the correct answer.

Jesse Nieminen - 1 month, 3 weeks ago

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The Taylor Series are characteristic for their great approximations for x x closer to 0 0 , and terrible approximations for x x further than 0 0 , which also depends on the degree of the polynomial - the higher the degree, the better the approximation further from 0 0 . I did give upper and lower bounds for x x , and since x x is close enough to 0 0 for an 11-th degree polynomial to approximate it correctly, the truncation error of the Taylor series is minimal. I did also check the exact value using Desmos and it's about 40319.998 40319.998 .

Tomislav Franov - 1 month, 3 weeks ago

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