A sphere of radius 1 is tangent to the plane Π at the point A . A line l , that makes an angle ϕ with Π , intersects Π at a point C . It is tangent to the sphere at a point B . The length of A C is 2 and tan ϕ = 1 2 5 . The square of the length of A B can be written as b a , where a and b are coprime positive integers. What is a + b ?
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Synthetic way: Let D be the projection of B onto the plane. Then ∠ B C D is the angle whose tangent is 5 / 1 2 . ...
Let point O be the center of sphere. Length of B C = A C = 2 since Δ ACO and Δ BCO are congruent. Set point C as the origin and point A on y − axis. Let ( a , b , c ) be the coordinate of point B . Then, we have A ( 0 , 2 , 0 ) and O ( 0 , 2 , 1 ) . The equation of sphere can be express as x 2 + ( y − 2 ) 2 + ( z − 1 ) 2 = 1 . The coordinate of point B can be express as a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 2 2 . Since point B also lies on the sphere, it can also be written as a 2 + ( b − 2 ) 2 + ( c − 1 ) 2 = 1 . c can be determined by using sin ϕ = B C c ⇒ c = B C sin ϕ = 1 3 1 0 . Thus, a 2 + b 2 + ( 1 3 1 0 ) 2 a 2 + ( b − 2 ) 2 + ( 1 3 1 0 − 1 ) 2 = 4 = 1 . ( 1 ) ( 2 ) From (1) and (2), we obtain a = 1 3 3 1 5 and b = 1 3 2 1 . A B 2 can be obtain by using formula of distance between 2 points in Euclidean three-space. d 2 A B 2 = ( x 2 − x 1 ) 2 + ( y 2 − y 1 ) 2 + ( z 2 − z 1 ) 2 = ( 1 3 3 1 5 − 0 ) 2 + ( 1 3 2 1 − 2 ) 2 + ( 1 3 1 0 − 0 ) 2 = 1 3 2 0 . Hence, a + b = 2 0 + 1 3 = 3 3 . # Q . E . D . #
nice one
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let the centre of sphere =O(0,0,0).
circle = x^2 +y^2 + z^2.
ACO is right angle triangle with AO=1 and AC=2 .
thus OC^2 = 5.
CBO is a right triangle with CO^2=5 and BO =1.
CB=2.
z coordinate of of b=-3/13.
the radius of the circle which the sphere intercepts on the plane parallel to II on which b lies.
=(sqrt160) /13.
thus AB^2= ((sqrt160)/13)^2+(-1- -3/13)^2
=260/169=20/13