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Geometry Level 5

A sphere of radius 1 1 is tangent to the plane Π \Pi at the point A . A. A line l , l, that makes an angle ϕ \phi with Π , \Pi, intersects Π \Pi at a point C . C. It is tangent to the sphere at a point B . B. The length of A C AC is 2 2 and tan ϕ = 5 12 . \tan \phi = \frac{5}{12}. The square of the length of A B AB can be written as a b , \frac{a}{b}, where a a and b b are coprime positive integers. What is a + b ? a+b?


The answer is 33.

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2 solutions

Adit Mohan
Dec 16, 2013

let the centre of sphere =O(0,0,0).
circle = x^2 +y^2 + z^2.
ACO is right angle triangle with AO=1 and AC=2 .
thus OC^2 = 5.
CBO is a right triangle with CO^2=5 and BO =1.
CB=2.
z coordinate of of b=-3/13.
the radius of the circle which the sphere intercepts on the plane parallel to II on which b lies.
=(sqrt160) /13.
thus AB^2= ((sqrt160)/13)^2+(-1- -3/13)^2
=260/169=20/13


Synthetic way: Let D D be the projection of B B onto the plane. Then B C D \angle BCD is the angle whose tangent is 5 / 12. 5/12. ...

Michael Tang - 7 years, 5 months ago
Tunk-Fey Ariawan
Feb 9, 2014

Let point O \,O be the center of sphere. Length of B C = A C = 2 \,BC=AC=2\, since Δ ACO \Delta \text{ACO} and Δ BCO \Delta \text{BCO} are congruent. Set point C \,C\, as the origin and point A \,A\, on y \,y- axis. Let ( a , b , c ) \,(a,b,c) be the coordinate of point B \,B . Then, we have A ( 0 , 2 , 0 ) \,A(0,2,0)\, and O ( 0 , 2 , 1 ) \,O(0,2,1) . The equation of sphere can be express as x 2 + ( y 2 ) 2 + ( z 1 ) 2 = 1. x^2+(y-2)^2+(z-1)^2=1. The coordinate of point B \,B\, can be express as a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 2 2 . a^2+b^2+c^2=2^2. Since point B \,B\, also lies on the sphere, it can also be written as a 2 + ( b 2 ) 2 + ( c 1 ) 2 = 1. a^2+(b-2)^2+(c-1)^2=1. c c\, can be determined by using sin ϕ = c B C c = B C sin ϕ = 10 13 . \sin \phi = \frac{c}{BC}\;\;\;\;\;\Rightarrow\;\;\;\;\;c=BC \sin \phi = \frac{10}{13}. Thus, a 2 + b 2 + ( 10 13 ) 2 = 4 ( 1 ) a 2 + ( b 2 ) 2 + ( 10 13 1 ) 2 = 1. ( 2 ) \begin{aligned} a^2+b^2+\left(\frac{10}{13}\right)^2&=4&&&(1)\\ a^2+(b-2)^2+\left(\frac{10}{13}-1\right)^2&=1.&&&(2) \end{aligned} From (1) and (2), we obtain a = 3 13 15 \,a=\frac{3}{13}\sqrt{15}\, and b = 21 13 \,b=\frac{21}{13} . A B 2 AB^2 can be obtain by using formula of distance between 2 points in Euclidean three-space. d 2 = ( x 2 x 1 ) 2 + ( y 2 y 1 ) 2 + ( z 2 z 1 ) 2 A B 2 = ( 3 13 15 0 ) 2 + ( 21 13 2 ) 2 + ( 10 13 0 ) 2 = 20 13 . \begin{aligned} d^2&=(x_2-x_1)^2+(y_2-y_1)^2+(z_2-z_1)^2\\ AB^2&=\left(\frac{3}{13}\sqrt{15}-0\right)^2+\left(\frac{21}{13}-2\right)^2+\left(\frac{10}{13}-0\right)^2\\ &=\frac{20}{13}. \end{aligned} Hence, a + b = 20 + 13 = 33 \,a+b=20+13=\boxed{33} . # Q . E . D . # \text{\# }\mathbb{Q}.\mathbb{E}.\mathbb{D}.\text{\#}

nice one

jinay patel - 7 years, 3 months ago

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