Too implicit

Calculus Level 4

Find the sum of the coefficients of the Taylor polynomial of order 4 on x = 0 x=0 of the implicit curve x + y + x 2 y 3 + x 4 y 5 = 1 x+y+x^2y^3+x^4y^5=1


The answer is 0.

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1 solution

Tom Engelsman
Mar 3, 2019

By the Taylor Series of y = f ( x ) y = f(x) about the point x = 0 x = 0 , we are interested in:

f ( x ) = Σ k = 0 f k ( 0 ) k ! ( x 0 ) k f(x) = \Sigma_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{f^{k}(0)}{k!} \cdot (x-0)^k

For the implicit curve above, we are specifically interested in the point ( x , y ) = ( 0 , 1 ) (x,y) = (0,1) . The first derivative of the curve with respect to x gives:

1 + y + ( 2 x y 3 + 3 y 2 x 2 y ) + ( 4 x 3 y 5 + 5 y 4 x 4 y ) = 0 1 + y = 0 y = 1 1 + y' + (2xy^3 + 3y^{2}x^{2}y') + (4x^{3}y^{5} + 5y^{4}x^{4}y') = 0 \Rightarrow 1 + y' = 0 \Rightarrow y' = -1

Every subsequent derivative of y y' is simply zero. Hence the fourth-order Taylor polynomial is expressible as:

f ( x ) = 1 + 1 1 ! x + 0 2 ! x 2 + 0 3 ! x 3 f(x) = 1 + \frac{-1}{1!}x + \frac{0}{2!}x^2 + \frac{0}{3!}x^3

and the coefficient sum equals: 1 1 + 0 + 0 = 0 . 1 - 1 + 0 + 0 = \boxed{0}.

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