A quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle of radius 2 0 0 2 . Three of the sides of this quadrilateral have length 200. What is the length of the fourth side?
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Nice solution
Consider Δ A B C . As we know two of its sides and the circumradius, we can find A C = 1 0 0 1 4 . Similarly, B D = 1 0 0 1 4 . Now, using Ptolemy's theorem, A D = 5 0 0 .
Without all these zero's
It is very easy to see, from the relation between inscribed and central angles in a circumference, that ∠ A D ^ C = ∠ C O ^ D . This means the triangles △ O C D and △ D C ′ C are similar. Furthermore, since O C = O D , both of them are isosceles, which gives us: D C ′ = D C = 2 0 0 The similarity also implies that C C ′ C D = C D O C Substituting what we found, this gives us C C ′ = 1 0 0 2 which means C ′ is the midpoint O C This gives us B ′ C ′ = 2 B C = 1 0 0 Finally, since A B ′ = D C ′ (from symmetry), we have A D = A B ′ + B ′ C ′ + C ′ D = 2 0 0 + 1 0 0 + 2 0 0 = 5 0 0
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AB, BC, CD are the sides given. So we want to find the length of the fourth side DA. O is the cercum center, and R its radius = 2 0 0 2 . As normal we will investigate the half right angled triangles. M is the midpoint of BC, so MOB is such a triangle where 2 ϕ is the angle the side BC makes at the center O.
∴ S i n ϕ = 2 0 0 ∗ 2 1 0 0 = 2 ∗ 2 1 . ⟹ , Total angle the three sides make at the center is DOA = 6 ϕ . This is also the angle DA makes at the center. ∴ i n Δ N O A , 2 1 D A = N A = O A S i n ( 3 ϕ ) B u t S i n ( 3 ϕ ) = − 4 S i n 3 ϕ + 3 S i n ϕ = − 4 2 1 + 2 2 3 = 4 2 5 ⟹ D A = 2 ∗ N A = 2 ∗ 2 0 0 2 ∗ S i n ( 3 ϕ ) = 5 0 0
An observation. ABCD is an isosceles trapezium.