Let F be a force acting on a particle having position vector R . Let ᴦ be the torque of this force about the origin, then:
(All bold symbols are vectors)
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Torque is the product of force and moment arm. Mathematically, r = R x F . Geometrically, this means that the torque vector is normal for both the moment-arm and force vectors. This means that the dot product between the torque vector and either of the two other vectors is zero.