Tracing a straight line

Geometry Level 3

A unit equilateral triangle has two of its vertices sliding on two lines that make an angle of 6 0 60^{\circ} between them. The third vertex traces a straight line segment. Find its length.

4 3 \dfrac{4}{\sqrt{3}} 3 3 3 \sqrt{3} 4 3 4 \sqrt{3} 6 3 \dfrac{6}{\sqrt{3}}

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1 solution

David Vreken
Feb 4, 2019

By symmetry, the maximum distance from center of the two intersecting lines O O occurs when the two sliding vertices A A and B B of the equilateral triangle are equal distances away from O O , so when A O = B O AO = BO .

This means A O B \triangle AOB is an isosceles triangle, and since A O B = 180 ° 60 ° = 120 ° \angle AOB = 180° - 60° = 120° , O A B = 180 ° 120 ° 2 = 30 ° \angle OAB = \frac{180° - 120°}{2} = 30° and A O C = 1 2 120 ° = 60 ° \angle AOC = \frac{1}{2}120° = 60° . Also, since A B C \triangle ABC is a unit equilateral triangle, A B = 1 AB = 1 and B A C = 60 ° \angle BAC = 60° . This means O A C = 30 ° + 60 ° = 90 ° \angle OAC = 30° + 60° = 90° .

Solving A C O \triangle ACO with A B = 1 AB = 1 , O A C = 90 ° \angle OAC = 90° , and A O C = 60 ° \angle AOC = 60° gives O C = 2 3 OC = \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}} . By symmetry the straight line is twice this length, which is 2 2 3 = 4 3 2 \cdot \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}} = \boxed{\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}} .

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