Transferring electric charge

Three identical conducting spheres are located at the vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC. Initially the charge the charge of the sphere at point A is q A = 0 q_{A}=0 and the spheres at B and C carry the same charge q B = q C = q . q_{B}=q_{C}=q. It is known that the sphere B exerts an electrostatic force on C which has a magnitude F = 4 N . F=4~\mbox{N}. Suppose an engineer connects a very thin conducting wire between spheres A and B. Then she removes the wire and connects it between spheres A and C. After these operations, what is the magnitude of the force of interaction in Newtons between B and C?


The answer is 1.5.

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1 solution

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David Mattingly Staff
May 13, 2014

From Coulomb's Law we have that, initially, the force between spheres B and C is given by F B C = k q 2 l 2 F_{BC}=k \frac{q^{2}}{l^{2}} where l l is the side of the triangle. Right after spheres A and B are connected, charge flows from B to A. Electrostatic equilibrium is reached when the electric potentials at points A and B are equal, which implies q A = q B q_{A}=q_{B} . Moreover, due to conservation of electric charge, we have that q A = q B = q 2 q_{A}=q_{B}=\frac{q}{2} . Now the net charge of system AC is 3 2 q \frac{3}{2}q . When A and C are connected their charges redistribute so that after equilibrium q A = q C = 3 4 q q_{A}=q_{C}=\frac{3}{4}q . Therefore, the final force between B and C can be written as F B C = k ( q / 2 ) ( 3 q / 4 ) l 2 = 3 8 F B C . F^{'}_{BC}=k \frac{(q/2) (3q/4)}{l^{2}}=\frac{3}{8}F_{BC}. Thus, we find that F B C = 1.5 N F^{'}_{BC}=1.5~\mbox{N} .

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