A trapezium A B C D is inscribed in a circle. A B is parallel to D C . A B = 8 , C D = 1 1 and A C = 1 3 . Then, what is the value of A D + B C ?
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Since the trapezoid is cyclic, it must be isosceles: we have both ∠ A + ∠ D = 1 8 0 ∘ and ∠ A + ∠ C = 1 8 0 ∘ , leading us to ∠ C = ∠ D . Thus, A D = B C , and A D + B C = 2 A D .
Drop a perpendicular from A onto D C , and let the foot of that perpendicular be X . We can easily get D X = 2 3 and X C = 2 1 9 from the given information. We can apply the Pythagorean Theorem on both right triangles A X D and A X C to find A D :
A D = A X 2 + D X 2 = A C 2 − X C 2 + D X 2 = 1 3 2 − ( 2 1 9 ) 2 + ( 2 3 ) 2 = 1 6 9 − 4 3 6 1 + 4 9 = 1 6 9 − 8 8 = 8 1 = 9 .
Therefore, A D + B C = 2 ( 9 ) = 1 8 .
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According to P t o l e m y ′ s t h o r e m here: A C ⋅ B D = A B ⋅ C D + A D ⋅ B C This trapizium is in a circle. Then A C = B D , A D = B C . Therefore, 1 6 9 = 8 8 + A D ⋅ A D A D = 9 Therefore, A D + B C = 9 + 9 = 1 8