Point H ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) is an orthocentre of a triangle. Vertices of a triangle are on the axes of the coordinate system. O is circumcentre of the triangle, R is radius of triangle's nine point circle and N is centre of the nine point circle.
Find R 2 − O N 2
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That is so not how I worked this one (it was a huge mess for me). It's really a such short solution for a problem nobody else seems to want to tackle. This one got a thumbs up from me.
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The short solution is actually this:
( R c 2 − O H 2 ) / 2 = P H 2 ⇒ R 2 − O N 2 = P H 2 / 2 . It is inspired by the "Trirectangular corner locus" by yourself.
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Oh, wow, you're right, I recognize the form now. That's a great tie-in with that problem. I had done that problem many years ago, before I posted it in Brilliant.org much later.
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Let P denote the point of origin, A , B , C vertices of the triangle, R c its circumradius and a , b , c its side lengths.
Tetrahedron A B C P is trirectangular ⇒ orthogonal ⇒ P H ⊥ △ A B C .
Plane on which △ A B C lies can be found x + 2 y + 3 z = 1 4 and points A ( 1 4 , 0 , 0 ) , B ( 0 , 7 , 0 ) , C ( 0 , 0 , 1 4 / 3 ) .
Triangle's side lengths can be found using Pythagorean theorem, and the rest of the values using regular formulas. Heron's formula or de Gua's theorem to find triangle area and then:
R c = 4 △ A B C a b c
O H 2 = 9 R c 2 − ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 )
R = R c / 2 , O N = O H / 2
Note:
As an additional exercise I got the following:
For H ( k , l , m ) plane has equation k x + l y + m z = k 2 + l 2 + m 2 .
Vertices: A ( a l , 0 , 0 ) B ( 0 , b l , 0 ) C ( 0 , 0 , c l ) a l = k k 2 + l 2 + m 2 , b l = l k 2 + l 2 + m 2 , c l = m k 2 + l 2 + m 2 )
Centroid: G ( 3 k k 2 + l 2 + m 2 , 3 l k 2 + l 2 + m 2 , 3 m k 2 + l 2 + m 2 )
Circumcentre : O ( 2 k l 2 + m 2 , 2 l k 2 + m 2 , 2 m k 2 + l 2 ) = O ( 2 a l − k , 2 b l − l , 2 c l − m )
Circumradius: R c 2 = ( ( a l 2 + b l 2 + c l 2 ) − ( k 2 + l 2 + m 2 ) ) / 4
O H 2 = ( a l 2 + b l 2 + c l 2 − 9 ( k 2 + l 2 + m 2 ) ) / 4
R c 2 − O H 2 = 2 ( k 2 + l 2 + m 2 ) = 2 H P 2
R c 2 + O H 2 = 2 O P 2
a l k = b l l = c l m = k 2 + l 2 + m 2