Triangle Numbers

Algebra Level 3

To construct the n n th triangle number, start with a row of n n dots. Then add a row with n 1 n-1 dots. Continue, adding a row with one fewer dot in every step, until a row with one dot is added. The drawing above show the second through sixth triangle numbers: T 2 = 3 , T 3 = 6 , T 4 = 10 , T 5 = 15 , T 6 = 21 T_2 = 3, T_3 = 6, T_4 = 10, T_5 = 15, T_6 = 21 .

How much is T 99 + T 100 T_{99} + T_{100} ?


Try to answer without a calculator.

Hint : Algebraic answers are great; geometric answers may be even greater!


The answer is 10000.

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4 solutions

Image the triangle for T 100 T_{100} , with 100 dots in the bottom row. Now take the triangle for T 99 T_{99} , turn it upside down, and place it underneath the first triangle. The resulting figure is a diamond-- a square standing on one of its corners. Since the sides of the square contain 100 dots, the total number of dots is T 100 + T 99 = 10 0 2 = 10 000 . T_{100} + T_{99} = 100^2 = \boxed{10\:000}.


Alternatively, it is not difficult to show that T n = 1 2 n ( n + 1 ) . T_n = \tfrac12 n (n+1). We find T 100 + T 99 = 1 2 100 101 + 1 2 99 100 = 1 2 100 ( 101 + 99 ) = 1 2 100 200 = 10 000 . T_{100} + T_{99} = \tfrac12\cdot 100\cdot 101 + \tfrac12\cdot 99 \cdot 100 \\ = \tfrac12\cdot 100 \cdot (101 + 99) = \tfrac12\cdot 100\cdot 200 = \boxed{10\:000}.

NIce "diamond" solution. So in general T n + T n + 1 = ( n + 1 ) 2 T_{n} + T_{n+1} = (n + 1)^{2} .

Brian Charlesworth - 4 years, 1 month ago

From the illustration above, it is clear that T n 1 + T n = n 2 T 99 + T 100 = 10 0 2 = 10000 T_{n-1}+T_n = n^2 \implies T_{99}+T_{100}=100^2 = \boxed{10000} .

Matin Naseri
Mar 9, 2018

n ( n + 1 ) 2 \frac{n(n+1)}{2}

Use from \uparrow for find T 99 + T 100 T_{99} + T_{100} .

For T 99 T_{99} we have 99 ( 99 + 1 = 100 ) 2 = 4950 \frac{99(99+1=100)}{2} = 4950

For T 100 \text{T}_{100} we have 100 ( 100 + 1 = 101 ) 2 = 5050 \frac{100(100+1=101)}{2} = 5050

For T 99 + T 100 T_{99} + T_{100} we have (4950+5050) = 10000 \text{(4950+5050) = 10000}

\therefore the answer is 10000 \boxed{\color{#302B94}{10000}}

We can find a pattern here,

T2 = (2+1)C(2-1) = 3

T3 = (3+1)C(3-1) = 6

T4 = (4+1)C(4-1) = 10 ...

...

Tn = (n+1)C(n-1)

Hence, T99 + T100 = (99+1)C(99-1) + (100+1)C(100-1)

. = 100 * 99/2 + 101 * 100/2 .
. = 50 * 99 + 101 * 50

. = 50(99+101)

. = 10000

Note that (n+1)C(n-1) = (n+1)C2.

Arjen Vreugdenhil - 4 years, 1 month ago

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