To construct the n th triangle number, start with a row of n dots. Then add a row with n − 1 dots. Continue, adding a row with one fewer dot in every step, until a row with one dot is added. The drawing above show the second through sixth triangle numbers: T 2 = 3 , T 3 = 6 , T 4 = 1 0 , T 5 = 1 5 , T 6 = 2 1 .
How much is T 9 9 + T 1 0 0 ?
Try to answer without a calculator.
Hint : Algebraic answers are great; geometric answers may be even greater!
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NIce "diamond" solution. So in general T n + T n + 1 = ( n + 1 ) 2 .
From the illustration above, it is clear that T n − 1 + T n = n 2 ⟹ T 9 9 + T 1 0 0 = 1 0 0 2 = 1 0 0 0 0 .
2 n ( n + 1 )
Use from ↑ for find T 9 9 + T 1 0 0 .
For T 9 9 we have 2 9 9 ( 9 9 + 1 = 1 0 0 ) = 4 9 5 0
For T 1 0 0 we have 2 1 0 0 ( 1 0 0 + 1 = 1 0 1 ) = 5 0 5 0
For T 9 9 + T 1 0 0 we have (4950+5050) = 10000
∴ the answer is 1 0 0 0 0
We can find a pattern here,
T2 = (2+1)C(2-1) = 3
T3 = (3+1)C(3-1) = 6
T4 = (4+1)C(4-1) = 10 ...
...
Tn = (n+1)C(n-1)
Hence, T99 + T100 = (99+1)C(99-1) + (100+1)C(100-1)
. = 100 * 99/2 + 101 * 100/2
.
. = 50 * 99 + 101 * 50
. = 50(99+101)
. = 10000
Note that (n+1)C(n-1) = (n+1)C2.
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Image the triangle for T 1 0 0 , with 100 dots in the bottom row. Now take the triangle for T 9 9 , turn it upside down, and place it underneath the first triangle. The resulting figure is a diamond-- a square standing on one of its corners. Since the sides of the square contain 100 dots, the total number of dots is T 1 0 0 + T 9 9 = 1 0 0 2 = 1 0 0 0 0 .
Alternatively, it is not difficult to show that T n = 2 1 n ( n + 1 ) . We find T 1 0 0 + T 9 9 = 2 1 ⋅ 1 0 0 ⋅ 1 0 1 + 2 1 ⋅ 9 9 ⋅ 1 0 0 = 2 1 ⋅ 1 0 0 ⋅ ( 1 0 1 + 9 9 ) = 2 1 ⋅ 1 0 0 ⋅ 2 0 0 = 1 0 0 0 0 .