One big and one small circle share the same center .
Then is constructed such that points and are on the big circle while point is on the smaller circle. intersects the smaller circle at and and passes through and , as shown above.
If (red segment), (blue segment), and (green side), what is the radius of the smaller, orange circle?
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Let point G be the midpoint of D E . Then by drawing the radii from the center O to D & E , △ O D E will be an isosceles triangle, and then O G will be the bisector of the triangle.
Let the smaller radius = r . Then by Pythagorean theorem, O D 2 = r 2 = O G 2 + D G 2 = O G 2 + 9 .
Thus, O G = r 2 − 9 .
Now consider the right △ A O G . From the image above, sin θ = A O O G = r + 3 r 2 − 9 .
Then by the Center Angle Property , ∠ B O C = 2 θ .
Hence, by Cosine Rule :
B C 2 = 1 1 2 = 1 2 1 = O B 2 + O C 2 − 2 ( O B ) ( O C ) cos 2 θ .
From the trigonometry identity, cos 2 θ = 1 − 2 sin 2 θ = 1 − ( r + 3 ) 2 2 ( r 2 − 9 )
1 2 1 = ( r + 3 ) 2 + r 2 − 2 r ( r + 3 ) + ( r + 3 ) 4 r ( r 2 − 9 ) = 9 + ( r + 3 ) 4 r ( r 2 − 9 )
1 2 1 − 9 = 1 1 2 = ( r + 3 ) 4 r ( r 2 − 9 )
2 8 ( r + 3 ) = r ( r 2 − 9 ) = r 3 − 9 r
0 = r 3 − 3 7 r − 8 4 = ( r − 7 ) ( r 2 + 7 x + 1 2 ) = ( r − 7 ) ( r + 3 ) ( r + 4 )
Thus, r = 7 .