Triangle of 2 Arcs

Geometry Level 5

One big and one small circle share the same center O O .

Then A B C \triangle ABC is constructed such that points A A and B B are on the big circle while point C C is on the smaller circle. A B AB intersects the smaller circle at D D and E E and A C AC passes through F F and O O , as shown above.

If A F = 3 AF = 3 (red segment), D E = 6 DE = 6 (blue segment), and B C = 11 BC = 11 (green side), what is the radius of the smaller, orange circle?


The answer is 7.

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2 solutions

Let point G G be the midpoint of D E DE . Then by drawing the radii from the center O O to D D & E E , O D E \triangle ODE will be an isosceles triangle, and then O G OG will be the bisector of the triangle.

Let the smaller radius = r r . Then by Pythagorean theorem, O D 2 = r 2 = O G 2 + D G 2 = O G 2 + 9 OD^2 = r^2 = OG^2 + DG^2 = OG^2 + 9 .

Thus, O G = r 2 9 OG = \sqrt{r^2 - 9} .

Now consider the right A O G \triangle AOG . From the image above, sin θ = O G A O = r 2 9 r + 3 \sin \theta = \dfrac{OG}{AO} = \dfrac{ \sqrt{r^2 - 9}}{r + 3} .

Then by the Center Angle Property , B O C = 2 θ \angle BOC =2\theta .

Hence, by Cosine Rule :

B C 2 = 1 1 2 = 121 = O B 2 + O C 2 2 ( O B ) ( O C ) cos 2 θ BC^2 = 11^2 = 121 = OB^2 + OC^2 - 2(OB)(OC)\cos 2\theta .

From the trigonometry identity, cos 2 θ = 1 2 sin 2 θ = 1 2 ( r 2 9 ) ( r + 3 ) 2 \cos 2\theta = 1 - 2\sin^2 \theta = 1- \dfrac{2(r^2 - 9)}{(r + 3)^2}

121 = ( r + 3 ) 2 + r 2 2 r ( r + 3 ) + 4 r ( r 2 9 ) ( r + 3 ) = 9 + 4 r ( r 2 9 ) ( r + 3 ) 121 = (r+3)^2 + r^2 - 2r(r+3) + \dfrac{4r(r^2 - 9)}{(r + 3)} = 9 + \dfrac{4r(r^2 - 9)}{(r + 3)}

121 9 = 112 = 4 r ( r 2 9 ) ( r + 3 ) 121-9 = 112 = \dfrac{4r(r^2 - 9)}{(r + 3)}

28 ( r + 3 ) = r ( r 2 9 ) = r 3 9 r 28(r+3) = r(r^2 - 9) = r^3 -9r

0 = r 3 37 r 84 = ( r 7 ) ( r 2 + 7 x + 12 ) = ( r 7 ) ( r + 3 ) ( r + 4 ) 0 = r^3 - 37r - 84 = (r-7)(r^2 + 7x + 12) = (r-7)(r+3)(r+4)

Thus, r = 7 r = \boxed{7} .

how do you know the segments DG = 3?

Star Fish - 2 years, 1 month ago

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It is clearly stated in the question that D E = 6 DE = 6 , and so from my solution, O D E ODE is an isosceles triangle. Thus, D G DG is half of D E DE and so equals 3 3 .

Worranat Pakornrat - 2 years, 1 month ago

the correct answer is approx 5.07

Star Fish - 2 years, 1 month ago

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Can you show us how?

Worranat Pakornrat - 2 years, 1 month ago

Elegant, I didn't think it is possible to end with a quadratic equation.

Ahmed Aljayashi - 1 year, 3 months ago

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