Suppose there exists a triangle with integer side lengths such that its perimeter (in units) and area (in square units) have the same numerical value, p .
What is the sum of all possible values of p ?
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Great solution. But I am still confusing that x,y,z must all be even integers. I totally agree that one of 3 unknown is even. For example, x is even. If x is divisible by 32, and y and z are odd numbers; I think the restriction,16(x+y+z)=xyz, is still right.
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I think I find out how x,y,z must be even. We know that at least 1 of them is even, assuming x is even.
x=b+c-a and a,b,c is integer.Thus, two of them must be odd numbers and 1 must be even, or all of a,b, and c are even numbers. Regardless, both options make y=a+c-b and z=a+b-c even.
16(x+y+z) = xyz can be solved with (x,y,z) = (20,84,1) so I agree with Hieu Tran that the deduction that x,y,z must all be even requires a bit more justification
Beautiful solution!
I understand to 2p>=2q>=q+r, but I am just trying to understand the therefore qr <= 12. could you elaborate more. Thanks
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Perhaps it will help to see the following:
q r ⟹ p ⟹ p ⟹ 2 p ≤ 1 2 ≥ 1 2 − 4 4 ( q + r ) ≥ 2 q + r ≥ q + r
That is an amazing proof.
Fabulous proof.
You have only checked for 1 ≤ a , b , c ≤ 1 0 0 . How do you know that there is no solution of ( a , b , c ) such that at least one of them is larger than 100?
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Let a , b , c denote the sides of triangle Δ A B C . Recall Heron's formula for the area of a triangle with 3 given sides:
A = s ( s − a ) ( s − b ) ( s − c )
where s = 2 a + b + c .
Setting this equal to the triangle's perimeter, we have
( a + b + c ) ( b + c − a ) ( a + c − b ) ( a + b − c ) = 4 ( a + b + c )
Let x = b + c − a , y = a + c − b , and z = a + b − c . We know that x , y , z are positive integers because of the triangle inequality . Now we have
1 6 ( x + y + z ) = x y z
We see that x , y , z must all be even integers. Let x = 2 p , y = 2 q , z = 2 r :
p q r ⟹ p q r − 4 p ⟹ p = 4 ( p + q + r ) = 4 ( q + r ) = q r − 4 4 ( q + r )
Without loss of generality assume p ≥ q ≥ r . Then we have 2 p ≥ 2 q ≥ q + r ⟹ q r ≤ 1 2 .
Since 4 < q r ≤ 1 2 , we may test integral values of q and r with q ≥ r to find all such triangles. Finally, we see that there is only 5 such triangles:
( a , b , c ) = ( 5 , 1 2 , 1 3 ) , ( 6 , 8 , 1 0 ) , ( 6 , 2 5 , 2 9 ) , ( 7 , 1 5 , 2 0 ) , ( 9 , 1 0 , 1 7 )
⟹ i = 1 ∑ p i = 3 0 + 2 4 + 6 0 + 4 2 + 3 6 = 1 9 2