Triangle Problem

Geometry Level 4

In triangle A B C ABC , cos A : cos B : cos C = 2 : 9 : 12 \cos A : \cos B : \cos C = 2 : 9 : 12 .

If sin A : sin B : sin C = p : q : r \sin A : \sin B : \sin C = p : q : r , where p p , q q and r r are coprime positive integers, find p q r ( p + q + r ) pqr-(p+q+r) .


The answer is 105.

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2 solutions

Hugh Sir
Nov 25, 2014

Suppose k k is a real number such that

cos A = 2 k \cos A = 2k , cos B = 9 k \cos B = 9k and cos C = 12 k \cos C = 12k .

Also, sin A = 1 4 k 2 \sin A = \sqrt{1-4k^{2}} , sin B = 1 81 k 2 \sin B = \sqrt{1-81k^{2}} and sin C = 1 144 k 2 \sin C = \sqrt{1-144k^{2}} .

In triangle A B C ABC , we have A + B = 18 0 o C A+B = 180^{o}-C

cos ( A + B ) = cos ( 18 0 o C ) \cos (A+B) = \cos (180^{o}-C)

cos A cos B sin A sin B = cos C \cos A \cos B - \sin A \sin B = -\cos C

( 2 k ) ( 9 k ) 1 4 k 2 1 81 k 2 = 12 k (2k)(9k) - \sqrt{1-4k^{2}}\sqrt{1-81k^{2}} = -12k

( 1 4 k 2 ) ( 1 81 k 2 ) = 18 k 2 + 12 k \sqrt{(1-4k^{2})(1-81k^{2})} = 18k^{2}+12k

By squaring and multiplying,

324 k 4 85 k 2 + 1 = 324 k 4 + 432 k 3 + 144 k 2 324k^{4}-85k^{2}+1 = 324k^{4}+432k^{3}+144k^{2}

432 k 3 + 229 k 2 1 = 0 432k^{3}+229k^{2}-1 = 0

( 16 k 1 ) ( 27 k 2 + 16 k + 1 ) = 0 (16k-1)(27k^{2}+16k+1) = 0

So k = 1 16 k = \frac{1}{16}

(Can you prove that the quadratic factor gives 'wrong' values of k k ?)

Then sin A = 1 4 256 = 6 7 16 \sin A = \sqrt{1-\frac{4}{256}} = \frac{6\sqrt{7}}{16}

sin B = 1 81 256 = 5 7 16 \sin B = \sqrt{1-\frac{81}{256}} = \frac{5\sqrt{7}}{16}

sin C = 1 144 256 = 4 7 16 \sin C = \sqrt{1-\frac{144}{256}} = \frac{4\sqrt{7}}{16}

sin A : sin B : sin C = 6 : 5 : 4 \sin A : \sin B : \sin C = 6:5:4

Therefore, p = 6 p = 6 , q = 5 q = 5 and r = 4 r = 4 ;

and p q r ( p + q + r ) = 120 15 = 105 pqr-(p+q+r) = 120-15 = 105 .

Exactly how I did it

BTW nice solution :D

Aneesh Kundu - 6 years, 6 months ago

I know it's very late but how did you factorize the cubic equation?? I solved it this way but was stuck at the equation...

Shanu Jindal - 3 years, 4 months ago

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Horners Synthetic division

preeti Katiyar - 1 year, 7 months ago

is 4,5,6 are co prime? according to the question p,q,r should be co prime positive integer

suvendu hati - 3 years, 1 month ago

Not too far from how I solved it, though I thought you'd have a more ingenious solution using trigonometry formulae. I thought 'bash'-y methods (especially when reducing to and solving the cubic) were discouraged?

Jared Low - 6 years, 6 months ago

This is not a valid comment. I forgot that 0 A π 0 \leq A \leq \pi .


The third line is not true. We actually have sin A = ± 1 4 k 2 \sin A = \pm \sqrt{1-4k^2 } . You cannot restrict it to the positive range as yet, because you do not know if any of the angles are obtuse.

This affects your solution, and in particular dealing with the solutions of the quadratic factor.

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 6 months ago

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But even if angle A A is obtuse, sin A \sin A is still positive; i.e., no matter how large each angle in a triangle is, its sin \sin value is always positive.

Hugh Sir - 6 years, 6 months ago

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Ah yes, my bad. Thanks!

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 6 months ago

I'm sorry but in this case, I have no idea on how to solve this problem.. I used trial and error where I divided both sides by 15, 16, etc.. I found out that if I get the sum of the arc cosine of 2/16, 9/16 and 12/16, it sums up to 180 (which is the desired angles for the triangle.. By getting angles A, B and C and dividing their sines, it yielded the ratio 6:5:4.. Afterwhich, I solved for the asked answer and it resulted 105..

Well structured solution! The only negative thing is how to factorize a cubic equation to get k= 1/16 . Any clue on it? Thanks.

Prabir Chaudhuri - 6 years, 6 months ago

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