Triangles and Pentagon inside Pentagon

Geometry Level 4

There are triangles and a regular pentagon inside the regular pentagon A B C D E ABCDE .

Let M M denote the area of regular pentagon shaded in blue, and
N N denote the total area of five triangles shaded in brown.

Find 1000 N M \displaystyle \left \lfloor \frac{1000N}{M}\right \rfloor .

Edit : just found that there is a similar problem here .


The answer is 2236.

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2 solutions

Chan Lye Lee
Apr 16, 2016

Divide the blue pentagon into 5 equal parts, as shown. Note that 7 2 = 2 π 5 72^{\circ} = \frac{2\pi}{5} and 5 4 = 3 π 10 54^{\circ} = \frac{3\pi}{10} . This means that tan 7 2 tan 5 4 = tan 2 π 5 × tan ( π 2 3 π 10 ) = tan 2 π 5 tan π 5 = 5 \frac{\tan 72^{\circ}}{\tan 54^{\circ}} = \tan \frac{2\pi}{5} \times \tan \left(\frac{\pi}{2} -\frac{3\pi}{10} \right) = \tan \frac{2\pi}{5} \tan \frac{\pi}{5} = \sqrt{5} .

If the blue pentagon is of length a a , then the area of the each of the 5 parts (of blue pentagon) is a × a tan 5 4 a\times a \tan 54^{\circ} , while the area of each of the 5 brown triangles is a × a tan 7 2 a\times a \tan 72^{\circ} Then 1000 N M = 1000 tan 7 2 tan 5 4 = 1000 5 = 2236 \displaystyle \left \lfloor \frac{1000N}{M}\right \rfloor = \left \lfloor \frac{1000\tan 72^{\circ} }{\tan 54^{\circ}}\right \rfloor=\left \lfloor 1000\sqrt{5}\right \rfloor = 2236 .

Can area of any triangle be expressed as a^2 tan c ?

Silver Vice - 5 years, 1 month ago

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Yes, as shown in the proof.

Chan Lye Lee - 5 years, 1 month ago

See the sketches. We look at one tenth of both areas M and N. DC is their common base. So the ratio of areas will be same as the ratios of heights. For * triangle * , BC is the height. For * pentagon * it is CO.

WLOG we take BM=1, side common to two triangles, blue MBO of pentagon and gray ABM of triangles.
In triangle MBO angle BOM=36. So MO = B M T a n 36 . \dfrac{BM}{ Tan36}.
In triangle ABM, angle MAB =18. So AM= B M T a n 18 . \dfrac{BM}{ Tan18}. .
So N/M=AM/MO=Tan36/Tan18 =2.236.
So the answer =2236.



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