Find the electric field due to a equilateral triangle plate of side ℓ and charge density σ at a distance 4 1 ℓ 3 2 above centroid up to 4 decimal places. σ = 1 0 − 9 C m − 2 , ϵ 0 = 8 . 8 5 × 1 0 − 1 2 F m − 1 .
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P with position vector r is E = 4 π ε 0 σ ∬ T ∣ r − x ∣ 3 r − x d A ( x ) where the integral is over the triangle T . By symmetry, the electrc field at the particular point P will be normal to the triangle, and so we calculate E = 4 π ε 0 σ C P ∬ T ∣ r − x ∣ 3 d A ( x ) k = 4 π ε 0 σ ∬ T ∣ r − x ∣ 2 cos θ d A ( x ) k = 4 π ε 0 σ ∬ T d Ω ( x ) k = 4 π ε 0 σ Ω k where C is the centroid of the triangle, Ω is the solid angle subtended by the triangle T at the point P and k is a unit vector in the direction of P C . Now P is at the centroid of a regular tetrahedron of which T is one of the faces. Thus, by symmetry, Ω = 4 1 × 4 π = π , and hence E = 4 ε 0 σ k and, with the given values of σ and ε 0 , we have ∣ E ∣ = 2 8 . 2 4 8 6 .
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This is just 1/4 of flux of a tetrahedron (due to guess law). So sigma/4€o