Triangular Prisms.

Calculus Level 4

In the triangular prism above triangular faces A B C P Q R ABC \cong PQR .

Let the volume of the prism be equal to a constant k k , where k k is a positive real number.

Find the value of the constant k k for which the minimum surface area S = k 4 3 S = \displaystyle k^{\frac{4}{3}} .

Express the answer to six decimal places.

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The answer is 18.683187.

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1 solution

Rocco Dalto
Oct 13, 2018

A E C \triangle{AEC} is an isosceles triangle E M \implies EM is the perpendicular bisector of base A C AC M E C \implies \triangle{MEC} is a right triangle and A M = M C AM = MC .

Since A C B \angle{ACB} is a common angle to both right triangle A B C ABC and M E C A B C M E C 2 m m = x + a a x = a MEC \implies \triangle{ABC} \sim \triangle{MEC} \implies \dfrac{2m}{m} = \dfrac{x + a}{a} \implies x = a and the pythagorean theorem in A B C y = 2 m = 3 a \triangle{ABC} \implies y = 2m = \sqrt{3}a .

The surface area S = 3 a 2 + ( 3 + 3 ) a h S = \sqrt{3}a^2 + (3 + \sqrt{3})ah and the volume V = 3 2 a 2 h = k h = 2 k 3 a 2 S ( a ) = 3 a 2 + 2 ( 3 + 3 ) k 3 a V = \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a^2h = k \implies h = \dfrac{2k}{\sqrt{3}a^2} \implies S(a) = \sqrt{3}a^2 + \dfrac{2(3 + \sqrt{3})k}{\sqrt{3}a} \implies

d S d a = 6 a 3 2 ( 3 + 3 ) k 3 a 2 = 0 a 0 \dfrac{dS}{da} = \dfrac{6a^3 - 2(3 + \sqrt{3})k}{\sqrt{3}a^2} = 0 \:\ a \neq 0 \implies a = ( 3 + 1 3 k ) 1 3 a = \displaystyle (\dfrac{\sqrt{3} + 1}{\sqrt{3}}k)^{\frac{1}{3}} \implies h = ( 4 k 3 ( 2 + 3 ) ) 1 3 h = \displaystyle (\dfrac{4k}{\sqrt{3}(2 + \sqrt{3})})^{\frac{1}{3}}

S = 3 3 ( 3 + 1 3 ) 2 3 k 2 3 = k 4 3 \implies S = \displaystyle 3\sqrt{3}(\dfrac{\sqrt{3} + 1}{\sqrt{3}})^{\frac{2}{3}}\displaystyle k^{\frac{2}{3}} = \displaystyle k^{\frac{4}{3}}

Let j = 3 3 ( 3 + 1 3 ) 2 3 j = 3\sqrt{3}(\dfrac{\sqrt{3} + 1}{\sqrt{3}})^{\frac{2}{3}}

k 2 3 ( j k 2 3 ) = 0 k = j 3 2 k = ( 3 3 ) 3 2 ( 3 + 1 3 ) 18.683187 \implies \displaystyle k^{\frac{2}{3}}(j - k^{\frac{2}{3}}) = 0 \implies k = j^{\frac{3}{2}} \implies k = (3\sqrt{3})^{\frac{3}{2}} (\dfrac{\sqrt{3} + 1}{\sqrt{3}}) \approx \boxed{18.683187} .

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