Triangular Pyramids

Calculus Level 4

In the triangular pyramid above the lateral faces are isosceles triangles, m A B O = θ m\angle{ABO} = \theta , m A D O = λ m\angle{ADO} = \lambda , A D = s AD = s and A B = e AB = e is the slant height and edge of the triangular pyramid, and A O AO is the height H H of the triangular pyramid and the base is an equilateral triangle.

Find the angle θ \theta in degrees that minimizes the lateral surface area of the triangular pyramid when the volume is held constant, and find the angle λ \lambda in degrees.

Express the answer as θ + λ \theta + \lambda in degrees.


The answer is 90.

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1 solution

Rocco Dalto
Feb 14, 2018

V T = 1 4 3 x 2 H = K H = 4 3 K x 2 V_{T} = \dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}} x^2 H = K \implies H = \dfrac{4\sqrt{3}K}{x^2}

Since the base is an equilateral triangle O B = x 3 OB = \dfrac{x}{\sqrt{3}} and O D = x 2 3 . OD = \dfrac{x}{2\sqrt{3}}.

H = 4 3 K x 2 H = \dfrac{4\sqrt{3}K}{x^2} and O D = x 2 3 OD = \dfrac{x}{2\sqrt{3}} \implies The lateral surface area is A S = 3 x 2 s = 3 4 x x 6 + 576 K 2 d A s d x = 3 4 ( 2 x 6 576 K 2 x 2 x 6 + 576 K 2 ) A_{S} = \dfrac{3x}{2} s = \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4x}\sqrt{x^6 + 576K^2} \implies \dfrac{dA_{s}}{dx} = \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4}(\dfrac{2x^6 - 576K^2}{x^2\sqrt{x^6 + 576K^2}}) \implies x = ( 12 ) 1 3 ( K ) 1 3 2 1 6 x = (12)^{\frac{1}{3}} (K)^{\frac{1}{3}} 2^{\frac{1}{6}} for x > 0 x > 0 \implies H = 4 3 1 2 K 1 3 1 2 2 3 2 1 3 H = \dfrac{4 * 3^{\frac{1}{2}} K^{\frac{1}{3}}}{12^{\frac{2}{3}} 2^{\frac{1}{3}}} \implies

tan ( θ ) = 3 H x = 1 2 \tan(\theta) = \dfrac{\sqrt{3} H}{x} = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}} and tan ( λ ) = 2 3 H x = 2 \tan(\lambda) = \dfrac{2\sqrt{3} H}{x} = \sqrt{2} and tan ( 90 θ ) = cot ( θ ) = 1 tan ( θ ) = 2 = tan ( λ ) \tan(90 - \theta) = \cot(\theta) = \dfrac{1}{\tan(\theta)} = \sqrt{2} = \tan(\lambda)

θ + λ = 9 0 \therefore \theta + \lambda = \boxed{90^\circ} .

Testing for a minimum at x = ( 12 ) 1 3 ( K ) 1 3 2 1 6 x = (12)^{\frac{1}{3}} (K)^{\frac{1}{3}} 2^{\frac{1}{6}} :

For x 0 x \neq 0 . Since the denominator of d A s d x \dfrac{dA_{s}}{dx} is always positive we just need to test the numerator.

For 0 < x < ( 12 ) 1 3 ( K ) 1 3 2 1 6 0 < x < (12)^{\frac{1}{3}} (K)^{\frac{1}{3}} 2^{\frac{1}{6}} pick x = ( 12 ) 1 3 ( K ) 1 3 d A s d x < 0 x = (12)^{\frac{1}{3}} (K)^{\frac{1}{3}} \implies \dfrac{dA_{s}}{dx} < 0

For x > ( 12 ) 1 3 ( K ) 1 3 2 1 6 x > (12)^{\frac{1}{3}} (K)^{\frac{1}{3}} 2^{\frac{1}{6}} pick x = 2 ( 12 ) 1 3 ( K ) 1 3 d A s d x > 0 x = 2 * (12)^{\frac{1}{3}} (K)^{\frac{1}{3}} \implies \dfrac{dA_{s}}{dx} > 0

\implies minimum at x = ( 12 ) 1 3 ( K ) 1 3 2 1 6 x = (12)^{\frac{1}{3}} (K)^{\frac{1}{3}} 2^{\frac{1}{6}} .

Should the problem say that you are minimizing the lateral surface area, subject to the volume being constant, as in your other problems?

Otherwise, if you just want to minimize the lateral surface area, then you should take the apex to be in the same plane as the base.

Jon Haussmann - 3 years, 3 months ago

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I forgot to state that the volume is constant. I'll add it now. Thanks!

Rocco Dalto - 3 years, 3 months ago

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