There are boys and girls standing in a queue. Find the probability that the number of boys ahead of every girl is at least one more than the number of girls ahead of her.
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The number of ways for n boys and n − 1 girls to queue is the binomial coefficient ( n 2 n − 1 )
The number of ways for them to queue such that the given condition is satisfied is the Catalan number C n = n + 1 1 ( n 2 n ) .
Therefore the probability of the condition being satisfies is ( n 2 n − 1 ) n + 1 1 ( n 2 n ) = n + 1 2
Setting n = 1 9 yields 1 9 + 1 2 = 0 . 1