Tricky Area

Calculus Level 5

The area bound by the two coordinate axes and y = 1 + x 3 y=\sqrt{1+x^3} is 3 A 3 C π ( 2 3 ) ! B \large \dfrac{\sqrt{3}\sqrt[3]{A}}{C\pi}{\left(-\frac{2}{3}\right)!}^{B} for integers A , B , C A,B,C , where A A is not the multiple of the cube of a prime.

Submit your answer as A + B + C 2 A+B+C-2 .


The answer is 25.

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Nov 21, 2017

Firstly, we use the substitution y = x 3 y = -x^3 to show that the area is equal to A = 1 0 1 + x 3 d x = 1 3 0 1 y 2 3 ( 1 y ) 1 2 d y = 1 3 B ( 1 3 , 3 2 ) = Γ ( 1 3 ) Γ ( 3 2 ) Γ ( 11 6 ) = π 5 Γ ( 1 3 ) Γ ( 5 6 ) A \; = \; \int_{-1}^0 \sqrt{1 + x^3}\,dx \; = \; \tfrac13\int_0^1 y^{-\frac23}(1-y)^{\frac12}\,dy \; = \; \tfrac13B(\tfrac13,\tfrac32) \;= \; \frac{\Gamma(\tfrac13)\Gamma(\tfrac32)}{\Gamma(\tfrac{11}{6})} \; = \; \frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{5}\,\frac{\Gamma(\tfrac13)}{\Gamma(\tfrac{5}{6})} using the identity Γ ( z + 1 ) = z Γ ( z ) \Gamma(z+1) = z\Gamma(z) a couple of times, and the fact that Γ ( 1 2 ) = π \Gamma(\tfrac12)= \sqrt{\pi} . The duplication formula 2 π Γ ( 2 z ) = 2 2 z 1 2 Γ ( z ) Γ ( z + 1 2 ) \sqrt{2\pi}\Gamma(2z) = 2^{2z-\frac12}\Gamma(z)\Gamma(z+\tfrac12) gives us that A = π 5 Γ ( 1 3 ) 2 2 1 3 2 π Γ ( 2 3 ) = Γ ( 1 3 ) 2 5 × 2 1 3 Γ ( 2 3 ) A \; = \; \frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{5}\, \frac{\Gamma(\tfrac13)^2 2^{\frac13}}{\sqrt{2\pi}\Gamma(\tfrac23)} \; = \; \frac{\Gamma(\tfrac13)^2}{5\times 2^{\frac13}\Gamma(\tfrac23)} and then the relfection formula Γ ( z ) Γ ( 1 z ) = π c o s e c π z \Gamma(z)\Gamma(1-z) = \pi\mathrm{cosec}\,\pi z tells us that A = Γ ( 1 3 ) 3 sin 1 3 π 5 π 2 1 3 = 3 5 π 2 4 3 Γ ( 1 3 ) 3 = 3 4 3 20 π ( 2 3 ! ) 3 A \; = \; \frac{\Gamma(\tfrac13)^3\sin\tfrac13\pi}{5\pi2^{\frac13}} \; = \; \frac{\sqrt{3}}{5\pi2^{\frac43}}\Gamma(\tfrac13)^3 \; = \; \frac{\sqrt{3}\sqrt[3]{4}}{20\pi}\big(-\tfrac23\,!\big)^3 making the answer 4 + 3 + 20 2 = 25 4+3+20-2 = \boxed{25}

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