Tricky definite integral

Calculus Level 5

Let f f satisfy, x = f ( x ) e f ( x ) x = f(x)e^{f(x)} . Calculate 0 e f ( x ) d x \int_{0}^{e} f(x) dx

Let the integral = X = X . Find [ 100 X ] [100X]


The answer is 171.

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4 solutions

Jubayer Nirjhor
Sep 16, 2014

Let y = f ( x ) y=f(x) and x = g ( y ) x=g(y) . Then f f and g g are the inverses of each other and g ( y ) = y e y g(y)=ye^y (we consider the domain and range to be [ 0 , ) [0,\infty) as the functions are bijective in this interval). Now observe the figure below which is the graph of g ( y ) = y e y g(y)=ye^y so the reflection across the line y = x y=x is the graph of it's inverse.

Imgur Imgur

The marked rectangle has area e e so 0 e f ( x ) d x + 0 1 g ( y ) d y = e 0 e f ( x ) d x = e 0 1 g ( y ) d y . \int_0^e f(x)~\text{d}x+\int_0^1 g(y)~\text{d}y=e\implies \int_0^e f(x)~\text{d}x=e-\int_0^1 g(y)~\text{d}y. Evaluating that 0 1 g ( y ) d y = 0 1 y e y d y = e y ( y 1 ) 0 1 = 1 \int_0^1 g(y)~\text d y=\int_0^1 ye^y~\text d y=\left.e^y(y-1)\right|_0^1=1 is a regular IBP exercise so left to the reader. Hence the value of our desired integral is e 1 . \boxed{e-1}.

Note: f W f\equiv W where W W is the Lambert W W -function.

Nice approach

Ayush Garg - 6 years, 8 months ago

wow great...!! ThanKs for sharing your method

Deepanshu Gupta - 6 years, 8 months ago

I calculated [100X] = rni(100X) = 172, I interpreted the floor function with the function round to nearest integer. The correct answer is:

[100X] = floor(100X) = 171

Here is my method:

x = f(x)exp[f(x)]; X = ∫f(x)dx|0;e

if we denote f(x) = y,

x = yexp(y); (1)

taking the ln at both members of (1),

lnx = y + lny; differenziating:

dx/x = (1 + 1/y)dy;

dx = x(1 + 1/y)dy = exp(y)(y+ 1); so:

f(x)dx = y(y + 1)exp(y)dy;

the limits of integration had to be changed from x to y; in (1):

x = 0, => y = 0; x = e, => y = 1

X = ∫(y^2 + y)exp(y)dy|0;1,

X = [ ∫y^2exp(y)dy + ∫yexp(y)dy]|0;1, integrating by parts:

X = [y^2exp(y) - ∫2yexp(y)dy + ∫yexp(y)dy]|0;1,

X = [y^2exp(y) - ∫yexp(y)dy)]|0;1,

X = {y^2exp(y) - [yexp(y) - ∫exp(y)dy]}|0;1,

X = {y^2exp(y) - [yexp(y) - exp(y)]}|0;1,

X = [y^2exp(y) - yexp(y) + exp(y)]|0;1,

X = exp(y)(y^2 - y + 1)|0;1

X = exp(1)(1) - exp(0)(1);

X = e - 1 = 1.718281828...

[100X] = floor(e - 1) = 171

Antonio Fanari - 6 years, 8 months ago

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[ x ] [x] does not mean rounding x x , it's another notation used to denote floor function.

Jubayer Nirjhor - 6 years, 8 months ago

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Yes you're right, thanks. There are various types of "rounding" functions, I misunderstood with the function round to the nearest integer,

rni(x) = sgn(x)⌊|x| + 1/2⌋.

I will correct my comment, perhaps too long, I'm sorry for this. Congratulations, your method is brilliant! (y)

Antonio Fanari - 6 years, 8 months ago

Perfect solution.

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 8 months ago
Hasan Kassim
Sep 16, 2014

Let u = f ( x ) , d u = f ( x ) d x = > d x = d u f ( x ) \displaystyle u=f(x) , du=f'(x) dx => dx=\frac{du}{f'(x)}

Now differentiate implicitly our condition: x = f ( x ) e f ( x ) = > 1 = f ( x ) e f ( x ) + f ( x ) f ( x ) e f ( x ) , f ( x ) = 1 ( 1 + f ( x ) ) e f ( x ) \displaystyle x=f(x)e^{f(x)} => 1= f'(x)e^{f(x)} +f(x)f'(x)e^{f(x)} , f'(x) = \frac{1}{(1+f(x))e^{f(x)}} .

Then : d x = 1 f ( x ) d u = ( 1 + f ( x ) ) e f ( x ) d u = ( 1 + u ) e u d u \displaystyle dx= \frac{1}{f'(x)} du = (1+f(x))e^{f(x)} du = (1+u)e^{u} du .

Now we change the limits of integration : f ( 0 ) = 0 , f ( e ) = 1 f(0)=0 , f(e) = 1 (Obviously) . Hence:

0 e f ( x ) d x = 0 1 u ( 1 + u ) e u d u = 0 1 ( u 2 + u ) e u d u \displaystyle \int_{0}^{e} f(x) dx = \int_0^1 u(1+u)e^u du = \int_0^1 (u^2+u)e^u du

The last integral can be solved easily by integrating by parts (twice) to get the value e 1 e-1 from which we get our desired answer.

what's wrong in this solution: let y =f(x) we have, x=y*e^(y) integrating w.r.t x (x^2)/2 = e^(y)[y-1]; solving and putting e^(y) as :(x/y) we will get: y= 2/(2-x) Hence integral(y dx) equals -2ln(2-x) i.e. 2ln[2/(2-e)] hence the answer: -556

Kunal Gupta - 6 years, 8 months ago

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The mistake is when you integrated w.r.t. x x : The right side of the equation can't be integrated like what you have did, unless it is integrated w.r.t. y y .

x x and y y are different variables.

Hasan Kassim - 6 years, 8 months ago

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Got it !!! What a silly mistake ....anyways thanks.!

Kunal Gupta - 6 years, 8 months ago
Fiki Akbar
Oct 7, 2014

I am using parametric expression for y y and x x . Let y ( t ) = log ( t ) y(t) = \log(t) , then x ( t ) = t log ( t ) x(t) =t \log(t) and d x = ( log ( t ) + 1 ) d t dx = \left(\log(t) +1\right) dt . Hence, we have X = 0 e y d x = 1 e log ( t ) ( log ( t ) + 1 ) d t X= \int_{0}^{e} y dx =\int_{1}^{e} \log(t)\left(\log(t) +1\right) dt X = t ( log 2 ( t ) + log ( t ) + 1 ) 1 e = e 1 X = t \left(\log^2 (t) +\log(t)+1\right)|^{e}_{1} = e -1

Then, we have [ 100 X ] = 171 [100X]=171

Mvs Saketh
Sep 18, 2014

substitute f(x) = z in 1st equation and you get the inverse function of f(x) as ze^z , now in the given integral substitute x= f^(-1) z and correspondingly change limits to 0 to 1 ( by inspection) and also put the derivative of inverse function multiplied by dz inplace of dx and use IBP to integrate

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