Let a and b be the lengths of the semi-major and semi-minor axes of an ellipse, respectively.
Find the area enclosed by the locus of the centroids of equilateral triangles inscribed in the ellipse.
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Suppose that the centroid of such an equilateral triangle has coordinates ( x , y ) , so that the three vertices of the equilateral triangle have coordinates P j ( x + r cos ( θ + 3 2 π j ) , y + r sin ( θ + 3 2 π j ) ) j = 0 , 1 , 2 for some r > 0 and 0 ≤ θ < 2 π . Then x , y , r , θ must satisfy the equations F 0 ( x , y , r , θ ) = F 1 ( x , y , r , θ ) = F 2 ( x , y , r , θ ) = 1 where F j ( x , y , r , θ ) = a 2 ( x + r cos ( θ + 3 2 π j ) ) 2 + b 2 ( y + r sin ( θ + 3 2 π j ) ) 2 The equation F 1 ( x , y , r , θ ) = F 2 ( x , y , r , θ ) leads to the equation − 2 b 2 x sin θ + 2 a 2 y cos θ = ( a 2 − b 2 ) r sin θ cos θ while the equation 2 F 0 ( x , y , r , θ ) = F 1 ( x , y , r , θ ) + F 2 ( x , y , r , θ ) leads to the equation 4 b 2 x cos θ + 4 a 2 y sin θ = ( a 2 − b 2 ) r cos 2 θ and hence we deduce that x = 4 b 2 a 2 − b 2 r cos 3 θ y = 4 a 2 a 2 − b 2 r sin 3 θ The equation F 0 ( x , y , r , θ ) = 1 can now be solved to obtain r as a function of θ , and the end result of all this is that the coordinates of the centroid lie on the ellipse A 2 x 2 + B 2 y 2 = 1 where A = a 2 + 3 b 2 a ( a 2 − b 2 ) B = 3 a 2 + b 2 b ( a 2 − b 2 ) and so the area enclosed by this ellipse is π A B = ( 3 a 2 + b 2 ) ( a 2 + 3 b 2 ) π a b ( a 2 − b 2 ) 2