What is the value of
tan 2 5 π × tan 2 5 2 π × tan 2 5 3 π × … × tan 2 5 1 2 π ?
Confused? Read the Proving Trignometric Identities Wiki .
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Nicely done. The polynomials that you are referring to, are (related to) Chebyshev Polynomials .
Using a similar approach, you can show that
k = 1 ∏ n − 1 sin ( n k π ) = 2 n − 1 n
k = 1 ∏ n − 1 cos ( n k π ) = 2 n − 1 sin ( π n / 2 )
k = 1 ∏ n − 1 tan ( n k π ) = sin ( π n / 2 ) n
Angle not in degree and Excel shall give fastest calculation.
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Brief explanation of my method:
You can rewrite the expression as ( k = 1 ∏ 1 2 cos 2 5 k π ) 2 k = 1 ∏ 2 4 cos 5 0 k π
You can get these products by using vieta's on the polynomial with roots in the form cos n 2 π k where k ranges from 0 to n − 1 , and then taking advantage of the symmetry of the product of the roots of the polynomial.
The polynomial P ( x ) with the roots in the form cos n 2 π k satisfies P ( cos ( θ ) ) = cos ( n θ ) − 1 . You can express cos ( n θ ) in terms of cos ( θ ) by using De Moivre's and expanding the RHS of the equation cos ( n θ ) + i sin ( n θ ) = ( cos ( θ ) + i sin ( θ ) ) n , and replacing sin 2 ( θ ) with 1 − cos 2 ( θ ) . You don't need to find the value of each coefficient of every term in the polynomial, just the first and last non-zero coefficients (since you want to use vieta's on the product of the roots).
You should get k = 0 , k ∤ 2 5 ∏ 9 9 cos 5 0 k π = 2 9 9 ( 2 1 0 0 ) + 5 0 = 2 9 6 6 2 5 = ( k = 1 ∏ 2 4 cos 5 0 k π ) 4
and k = 0 , k ∤ 2 5 ∏ 4 9 cos 2 5 k π = 2 4 8 1 = ( k = 1 ∏ 1 2 cos 2 5 k π ) 4
so the answer is 2 2 4 1 2 2 4 5 = 5 .