Trigonometric Equation = Quadratic Equation???

Algebra Level pending

Let f ( x ) = a sin x + b cos x f(x)=a\sin{x}+b\cos{x} and g ( y ) = a y 2 + b y g(y)=ay^2+by , where a a and b b are real numbers. Determine the value of 4 y 3 4|y|-3 , if f ( x ) = g ( y ) f(x)=g(y) has only one solution for x x in the range π 2 < x < π 2 -\frac \pi 2<x<\frac \pi 2 .


The answer is 1.

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1 solution

Yashas Ravi
Oct 30, 2019

We can rewrite f ( x ) f(x) as f ( x ) = cos ( x A ) ( a 2 + b 2 ) f(x)=\cos{(x-A)}*\sqrt{(a^2+b^2)} where A = arctan ( a / b ) A=\arctan{(a/b)} . Thus, cos ( x A ) = \cos{(x-A)}= a y 2 + b y ( a 2 + b 2 ) \frac{ay^2+by}{\sqrt{(a^2+b^2)}} if f ( x ) = g ( y ) f(x)=g(y) . In the given interval, there is only one value of x x if cos ( x A ) = 1 \cos{(x-A)}=1 , so tan x = \tan{x}= a b \frac{a}{b} . Again, since x x can only take 1 1 value, tan x = 0 \tan{x}=0 . This means that a = 0 a=0 , and b y = b 2 by=\sqrt{b^2} . Solving this equation yields y = 1 y=1 , and 4 y 3 = 1 4|y|-3=1 which is the final answer.

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