Trigonometry! #36

Geometry Level 4

Suppose s i n 3 x sin 3 x = m = 0 n c m cos m x sin^{3} x \sin 3x = \displaystyle \sum_{m=0}^{n} c_{m} \cos mx is an identity in x x where c 0 , c 1 , . . . , c n c_{0} , c_{1} , ... , c_{n} are constants, and c n 0 c_{n}≠0 . Then find the value of n.

This problem is part of the set Trigonometry .


The answer is 6.

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1 solution

Kartik Sharma
Jan 22, 2015

First of all, s i n ( n x ) = e i n x e i n x 2 i sin(nx) = \frac{{e}^{inx} - {e}^{-inx}}{2i}

s i n ( x ) n = e i x e i x 2 i n = f ( e i x , e i x ) {sin(x)}^{n} = {\frac{{e}^{ix} - {e}^{-ix}}{2i}}^{n} = f({e}^{ix}, {e}^{-ix}) of degree n.

And as we have seen s i n ( n x ) sin(nx) is also g ( e i x , e i x ) g({e}^{ix}, {e}^{-ix}) of degree n.

So, s i n ( n x ) = f ( s i n x ) sin(nx) = f(sin x) of degree n.

And similarly for cos(x).

Hence, on LHS, we have a function of sin(x) of degree 6.

Now, we know, s i n ( x ) 2 = 1 c o s ( x ) 2 {sin(x)}^{2} = 1 - {cos(x)}^{2} .

s i n ( x ) 6 = ( 1 c o s ( x ) 2 ) 3 {sin(x)}^{6} = {(1 - {cos(x)}^{2})}^{3}

And so, it is also a function of cos(x) of degree 6.

Therefore, now we can gain use the above property and find that the value of n is 6 6 .

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